Cytarabine
mRNA synthesis
In vitro transcription of capped mRNA with modified nucleotides and Poly(A) tail
Tyramide Signal Amplification (TSA)
TSA (Tyramide Signal Amplification), used for signal amplification of ISH, IHC and IC etc.
Phos Binding Reagent Acrylamide
Separation of phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated proteins without phospho-specific antibody
Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8)
A convenient and sensitive way for cell proliferation assay and cytotoxicity assay
SYBR Safe DNA Gel Stain
Safe and sensitive stain for visualization of DNA or RNA in agarose or acrylamide gels.
Inhibitor Cocktails
Protect the integrity of proteins from multiple proteases and phosphatases for different applications.
Cytarabine (AraC), an analogue of deoxycytidine, is the most effective cytotoxic agent in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which blocks DNA synthesis by inhibiting the function of DNA and RNA polymerases [1].
Cytarabine is incorporated into DNA, it blocks DNA synthesis by inhibiting the function of DNA and RNA polymerases. The most essential step in the AraC activation is phosphorylation into the monophosphate form, which is catalyzed by deoxycytidine kinase (dCK).
In AraC-sensitive rat leukemic cells, sole expression of inactive or spliced dCK forms make a cell resistant to the cytotoxic effects of AraC. It was reported that Ara-C also causes placental growth retardation, induce apoptosis and also impair cell proliferation in the zone of placental labyrinth. By injecting Ara-C into pregnant rats, the placentas were examined from 1 to 48h. the apoptosis of trophoblastic cells in the placental labyrinth zone increased from 3 h after the injecting and then peaked at 6 h and returned to control level at 48 h. Immunoreactivity of p53 protein in the placental labyrinth zone was significantly enhanced and peaked at 3 h after treatment, while no increase in p53 mRNA expression was detected by a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction [1, 2].
A retrospective analysis was performed in 40 patients which treated with cytarabine 1000 mg/m2/day, mitoxantrone 8 mg/m2/day and etoposide 100 mg/m2/day for five days. 30% of remission rate and 11.2 months of median remission duration was got. In univariate analysis, compared to ≥second relapse (p = 0.02), patients in first relapse had improved overall survival [3].
References:
[1].Veuger MJT, Heemskerk MHM, Honders MW, et al. Functional role of alternatively spliced deoxycytidine kinase in sensitivity to cytarabine of acute myeloid leukemic cells. Blood, 2002, 99(4): 1373-1380.
[2].Yamauchi H, Katayama K, Ueno M, et al. Involvement of p53 in 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine-induced trophoblastic cell apoptosis and impaired proliferation in rat placenta. Biology of Reproduction, 2004, 70(6): 1762-1767.
[3]. Liedtke M, Dunn T, Dinner S, et al. Salvage therapy with mitoxantrone, etoposide and cytarabine in relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia Research, 2014, 38(12): 1441-1445.
| Physical Appearance | A solid |
| Storage | Store at -20°C |
| M.Wt | 243.2 |
| Cas No. | 147-94-4 |
| Formula | C9H13N3O5 |
| Solubility | ≥7.65mg/mL in H2O |
| Chemical Name | 4-amino-1-[(2R,3S,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]pyrimidin-2-one |
| SDF | Download SDF |
| Canonical SMILES | C1=CN(C(=O)N=C1N)C2C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O |
| Shipping Condition | Evaluation sample solution: ship with blue ice. All other available sizes: ship with RT, or blue ice upon request. |
| General tips | For obtaining a higher solubility, please warm the tube at 37°C and shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while. Stock solution can be stored below -20°C for several months. |
| Cell experiment [1]: | |
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Cell lines |
rat sympathetic neurons |
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Preparation method |
Limited solubility in DMSO. General tips for obtaining a higher concentration: Please warm the tube at 37 ℃ for 10 minutes and/or shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while. Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months. |
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Reacting condition |
10 μM |
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Applications |
Cytarabine apparently induced apoptosis of rat sympathetic neurons at 10 μM, of which 100 μM showed the highest toxicity and killed over 80% of the neurons by 84 hours, involving the release of mitochondrial cytochrome-c and the activation of caspase-3. |
| Animal experiment [2]: | |
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Animal models |
Pregnant Slc:Wistar rats |
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Dosage form |
Intraperitoneal injection, 250 mg/kg |
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Application |
Cytarabine (250 mg/kg) caused placental growth retardation and increased placental trophoblastic cells apoptosis in the placental labyrinth zone of the pregnant Slc:Wistar rats, which increases from 3 hour after the treatment and peaks at 6 hour before returning to control levels at 48 hour, with remarkably enhanced p53 protein, p53 trancriptional target genes such as p21, cyclinG1 and fas and caspase-3 activity. |
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Other notes |
Please test the solubility of all compounds indoor, and the actual solubility may slightly differ with the theoretical value. This is caused by an experimental system error and it is normal. |
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References: [1]. Besirli C G, Deckwerth T L, Crowder R J, et al. Cytosine arabinoside rapidly activates Bax-dependent apoptosis and a delayed Bax-independent death pathway in sympathetic neurons[J]. Cell death and differentiation, 2003, 10(9): 1045. [2]. Yamauchi H, Katayama K, Ueno M, et al. Involvement of p53 in 1-β-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine-induced trophoblastic cell apoptosis and impaired proliferation in rat placenta[J]. Biology of reproduction, 2004, 70(6): 1762-1767. |
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