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Chromatin/Epigenetics

Epigenetics is the heritable modifications in gene expression that is not associated with changes in DNA sequence. Epigenetic modifications occur mostly on DNA or on the histone octamer. There are several types of epigenetics modifications, DNA methylation by DNA-methyl transferase (DNMT) and covalent modification of histones (e.g. acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation and ubiquitination). Histone acetylation by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) is involved in transcriptional activation, whereas histone deacetylation by histone deacetylases (HDACs) is connected with transcriptional repression. Histone demethylation is associated with lysine-specific demethylase (LSD) and JmjC domain containing histone demethylase (JHDM).

The nucleosome is consisted of four histone proteins (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4), they are primary building block of chromatin. The addition and removal of specific chemical groups refers to as epigenetic marks, it regulates chromatin structure and affects gene expression. Moreover, RNA is intimately involved in the formation of a repressive chromatin state.

Epigenetic mechanism responds to environmental changes at the cellular level and thus influences cellular plasticity. Chromatin and epigenetic regulation play a significant role in the programming of the genome during development and stress response, defects in epigenetics can lead to cancer, inflammation and metabolic disorders etc.

Relate Categories
Category
  • Aurora Kinase 30items
  • Bromodomain 34items
  • DNA Methyltransferase 8items
  • HDAC 61items
  • HIF 12items
  • Histone Acetyltransferases 17items
  • Histone Demethylases 26items
  • Histone Methyltransferase 47items
  • JAK 41items
  • MBT Domains 1item
  • PAD 1item
  • PARP 31items
  • Pim 8items
  • Polycomb repressive complex 2items
  • Protein Ser/Thr Phosphatases 31items
  • RNA Polymerase 4items
  • SUMOylation 2items
  • Sirtuin 19items
  • Sphingosine Kinase-2 1item
Specificity
  1. Selective 109 items
Reversibility
  1. Reversible 7 items
  2. Irreversible 2 items
Target
  1. Cyclin-Dependent Kinases 1 item
  2. Histone Deacetylases (HDACs) 35 items
  3. PI3K 1 item
  4. Aurora Kinases 21 items
  5. MDM2 1 item
  6. EZH2 3 items
  7. Bromodomains 8 items
  8. FLT3 5 items
  9. PLK 1 item
  10. VEGFR 3 items
  11. RET 1 item
  12. Hydrolase 1 item
  13. MEK 1 item
  14. DOT1L 3 items
  15. FGFR 2 items
  16. Nrf2 1 item
  17. Pim 3 items
  18. Sir2-like Family Deacetylases (Sirtuins) 6 items
  19. PP1 1 item
  20. PP2A 1 item
  21. Src 5 items
  22. Trk Receptors 1 item
  23. STAT 2 items
  24. EGFR 2 items
  25. Hypoxia Inducible Factors (HIFs) 2 items
  26. Tankyrases 1 item
  27. JAK 20 items
  28. p300 1 item
  29. Syk 1 item
  30. EZH1 1 item
  31. TNKS 1 item
  32. Topoisomerases 1 item
  33. ErbB 1 item
  34. DNA Methyltransferases 4 items
  35. Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Prolyl Hydroxylase Inhibitors (HIF-PHIs) 1 item
  36. SMYD2 1 item
  37. CREBBP 2 items
  38. EP300 2 items
  39. LRRK2 1 item
  40. PARP 8 items
  41. ALK 1 item
  42. Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal motif (BET) 1 item
  43. phosphatases 1 item
  44. COX 1 item
  45. NAT10 1 item
  46. G9a 2 items
  47. Hck 1 item
  48. SETD7 1 item
  49. Histone Demethylases 1 item
  50. MNK 1 item
  51. AChE 1 item
  52. Catechol O-Methyltransferase (COMT) 1 item
  53. O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyl-transferase (MGMT) 1 item
  54. Protein Arginine Methyltransferases 1 item
  55. Cytidine deaminases 1 item
  56. PP4 1 item
  57. c-RET 1 item
  58. VEGFR3/FLT4 1 item
  59. NTRK1/TRKA 1 item
  60. CSF-1R/c-Fms 1 item
  61. PTP 1 item
  62. Protein polybromo-1 1 item
  63. SMARCA4 1 item
  64. SMARCA2 1 item
  65. p53 2 items
  66. HDAC 2 items
  67. KDM 2 items
  68. LOX 1 item
  69. Adenylyl cyclase 1 item
  70. Quinone reductase 1 item
  71. Histone Acetyltransferases (HATs) 2 items
  72. Trx 1 item
  73. HIF-PH 1 item
  74. L3MBTL 1 item
  75. TYK2 2 items
  76. MUSK 1 item
  77. MAP3K 1 item
  78. Lck 1 item
  79. p21 1 item
  80. 5-HT 1 item
  81. PHF 1 item
  82. FGR 1 item
  83. YES 1 item
  84. Fyn 1 item
  85. ARG 1 item
  86. LSD 1 item
  87. PRMT 1 item
  88. GLP 1 item
  89. SK 1 item
  90. Sirtuin 1 item
Reported Experiments
  1. Animal Experiments 123 items
  2. Cell Experiments 102 items
Related Disease
  1. Acute Myelogenous Leukemia 2 items
  2. Acute Myeloid Leukemia 9 items
  3. Bladder Cancer 2 items
  4. Bladder Carcinoma 1 item
  5. Breast Cancer 20 items
  6. Cancer 87 items
  7. Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer 1 item
  8. Cervical Cancer 2 items
  9. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia 1 item
  10. Colon Cancer 12 items
  11. Colon Carcinoma 1 item
  12. Colorectal Cancer 5 items
  13. Diabetes 2 items
  14. Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma 1 item
  15. Dyskinesia 1 item
  16. Epilepsy 1 item
  17. Friedreich's Ataxia 1 item
  18. Glioblastoma 2 items
  19. Glioma 2 items
  20. Hepatic Cancer 1 item
  21. Hepatocellular Carcinoma 1 item
  22. HIV 2 items
  23. HIV Infections 2 items
  24. Immunological Diseases 1 item
  25. Inflammatory Bowel Disease 1 item
  26. Inflammatory Diseases 3 items
  27. Leukemia 7 items
  28. Lung Cancer 6 items
  29. Lymphoma 6 items
  30. Melanoma 5 items
  31. Mixed Lineage Leukemia 3 items
  32. Multiple Myeloma 5 items
  33. Myelofibrosis 1 item
  34. Myeloma 1 item
  35. Neuroblastoma 2 items
  36. Neuronal Protection 1 item
  37. Non-small Cell Lung Cancer 5 items
  38. Ovarian Cancer 5 items
  39. Pancreatic Cancer 4 items
  40. Prostate Cancer 12 items
  41. Psoriasis 1 item
  42. Renal Cancer 1 item
  43. Renal Cell Carcinoma 2 items
  44. Rheumatoid Arthritis 3 items
  45. Thyroid Cancer 1 item
  46. Type 2 Diabetes 2 items