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In vitro transcription of capped mRNA with modified nucleotides and Poly(A) tail
TSA (Tyramide Signal Amplification), used for signal amplification of ISH, IHC and IC etc.
Separation of phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated proteins without phospho-specific antibody
A convenient and sensitive way for cell proliferation assay and cytotoxicity assay
Protect the integrity of proteins from multiple proteases and phosphatases for different applications.
CPI-613 is a first-in-class anti-cancer agent [1].CPI-613 is developed to target the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex which is a key mitochondrial enzyme of anaerobic glycolysis in tumor cells. The pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDH) play critical roles in the interconversion of both pyruvate and alpha-ketoglutarate to key biosynthetic intermediates in mitochondrial carbon metabolism process. The complex of the two enzymes requires lipoate to be as a co-factor. CPI-613 is a derivative of lipoate and therefore inhibits the energy metabolism in mitochondria [1]. CPI-613 inhibited growth of various acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines with IC50 values of 16.4, 13.4 and 12.2 μM in HL60, Jurkat and K562 cells, respectively. The treatment of CPI-613 induced apoptosis dose-dependently in OCI-AML3 and K562 cells. In H460 cells cultured in medium containing glutamine and pyruvate as the predominant carbon sources, treatment of CPI-613initiallyreversible ATP level reduction. When the treatment time was above 2 hours, cells became irreversibly committed to death. In the JC-1 localization assay, CPI-613 reduced mitochondrial membrane potential significantly. Besides that, when combined with doxorubicin, the treatment showed synergistic effects in Jurkat and K562 cells [1 and 2]. CPI-613 was proved to have little side-effect toxicity in expected therapeutic dose ranges and be well tolerated at very high doses (the maximum tolerated dose in mice was ca.100 mg/kg). Administration of CPI-613 at dose of 10 mg/kg resulted in significant inhibition of tumor growth in mice bearing H460 human non-small cell lung carcinoma. CPI-613 also caused robust tumor growth inhibition in mouse model of human pancreatic tumor (BxPC-3) xenografts [2]. References:[1] Pardee T S, Levitan D, Hurd D. Altered mitochondrial metabolism as a target in acute myeloid leukemia. J ClinOncol, 2011, 29(suppl): 6590-6591.[2] Zachar Z, Marecek J, Maturo C, et al. Non-redox-active lipoatederivates disrupt cancer cell mitochondrial metabolism and are potent anticancer agents in vivo. Journal of molecular medicine, 2011, 89(11): 1137-1148.
Cell lines
NCI-H460 NSCLC human tumor cells
Preparation method
The solubility of this compound in DMSO is >19.5mg/mL. General tips for obtaining a higher concentration: Please warm the tube at 37℃ for 10 minutes and/or shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while. Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months.
Reacting condition
50-300 μM
Applications
In series of tumor cell lines, CPI-613 efficiently killed tumor cells. In H460 human lung cancer cells cultured in medium containing pyruvate and glutamine, CPI-613 significantly reduced ATP levels within less than 60 min and this reduction was initially reversible. After longer treatment times, cells become irreversibly to execute cell death. CPI-613 differentially inhibited PDH activity in normal and tumor cells.
Animal models
nude mouse human tumor xenograft model of a pancreatic tumor cell (BxPC-3) and a non-small cell lung tumor cell (H460)
Dosage form
25 mg/kg; once weekly; four treatments at 7-day intervals; intraperitoneal injection.10 mg/kg; once weekly, three times weekly, or five times weekly; intraperitoneal injection.
Application
In human pancreatic (BxPC-3) xenograft carrying nude mouse, CPI-613 significantly inhibited tumor growth and over 40% of treated animals survived until the experiment was terminated at over 8 months (259 days). CPI-613 (10 mg/kg) also inhibited the growth of H460 human non-small cell lung carcinoma and the maximum tolerated dose was ca.100 mg/kg.
Other notes
Please test the solubility of all compounds indoor, and the actual solubility may slightly differ with the theoretical value. This is caused by an experimental system error and it is normal.
References:
[1] Zachar Z, Marecek J, Maturo C, et al. Non-redox-active lipoatederivates disrupt cancer cell mitochondrial metabolism and are potent anticancer agents in vivo. Journal of molecular medicine, 2011, 89(11): 1137-1148.
