Zotarolimus(ABT-578)

Zotarolimus(ABT-578) is an anti-proliferative drug used exclusively in coronary drug eluting stent [1].

Zotarolimus(ABT-578) is an analogue of rapamycin and an anti-proliferative drug. Zotarolimus exhibited high affinity to the immunophilin FKBP12 and inhibited T cells proliferation [1]. Zotarolimus inhibited FKBP-12 binding with IC50 value of 2.8 nM. In human coronary artery cells, zotarolimus inhibited smooth muscle cell (SMC) and endothelial cell (EC) proliferation with IC50 values of 2.9 and 2.6 nM, respectively [2]. In human blood-derived peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and rat splenocytes, zotarolimus inhibited Con A-induced human and rat T cell proliferation with IC50 values of 7.0 and 1337 nM respectively in a concentration-dependent way. In lymphocytes derived from humans or rats, zotarolimus inhibited the human and rat mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) with IC50 values of 1.2 and 1465 nM respectively in a concentration-dependent way. Also, zotarolimus inhibited human coronary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation induced by growth factor with IC50 value of 0.8 nM [3].

In crossbred juvenile swine, zotarolimus-eluting PC-coated stents induced a lower percent lumen stenosis, less neointimal area, less neointimal thickness and greater lumen area [2]. In a rat adjuvant DTH model mediated by T cell, zotarolimus inhibited the rat adjuvant DTH response with ED50 value of 1.72 mg/kg/day [3].

References:
[1].  Brugaletta S, Burzotta F, Sabaté M. Zotarolimus for the treatment of coronary artery disease: pathophysiology, DES design, clinical evaluation and future perspective. Expert Opin Pharmacother, 2009, 10(6): 1047-1058.
[2].  Garcia-Touchard A, Burke SE, Toner JL, et al. Zotarolimus-eluting stents reduce experimental coronary artery neointimal hyperplasia after 4 weeks. Eur Heart J, 2006, 27(8): 988-993.
[3].  Chen YW, Smith ML, Sheets M, et al. Zotarolimus, a novel sirolimus analogue with potent anti-proliferative activity on coronary smooth muscle cells and reduced potential for systemic immunosuppression. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol, 2007, 49(4): 228-235.