Tempol

Tempol is a superoxide scavenger (superoxide dismutase mimetic). It is a member of non-thiol-containing radiation protectors that can permeate the membrane.

In vitro, Tempol disrupted H2O2-mediated reduction in mitochondrial respiration and increase in LDH secretion from rat PT cells, suggesting in a decrease in cell injury and death, [1]. In human prostate cancer cell, Tempol activated uPAR (urokinase receptor) [2].

In vivo, Tempol treatment showed 1) renal function and injury improvement 2) PMN infiltration and lipid peroxidation reduction 3) reduced nitrosative and oxidative stress [1]. In cirrhotic rats, Tempol decreased portal pressure and raised portal blood flow [3]. In 2K1C rats, Tempol inhibited upregulation of TGF-beat and MMPs, and prevented changes of cardiac hypertensive [4]. It also prevented cerebral vessel remodeling in hypertensive rats [5].

References:
1. Chatterjee PK, Cuzzocrea S, Brown PA et al. Tempol, a membrane-permeable radical scavenger, reduces oxidant stress-mediated renal dysfunction and injury in the rat. Kidney Int. 2000 Aug;58(2):658-73.
2.  Lejeune D, Hasanuzzaman M, Pitcock A et al. The superoxide scavenger TEMPOL induces urokinase receptor (uPAR) expression in human prostate cancer cells. Mol Cancer. 2006 Jun 6;5:21.
3.  García-Calderó H, Rodríguez-Vilarrupla A, Gracia-Sancho J et al. Tempol administration, a superoxide dismutase mimetic, reduces hepatic vascular resistance and portal pressure in cirrhotic rats. J Hepatol. 2011 Apr;54(4):660-5.
4.  Rizzi E, Castro MM, Ceron CS et al. Tempol inhibits TGF-β and MMPs upregulation and prevents cardiac hypertensive changes. Int J Cardiol. 2013 Apr 30;165(1):165-73.
5.  Pires PW, Deutsch C, McClain JL et al. Tempol, a superoxide dismutase mimetic, prevents cerebral vessel remodeling in hypertensive rats. Microvasc Res. 2010 Dec;80(3):445-52.