Ethambutol HCl

Ethambutol hydrochloride is an antimycobacterial agent widely used in tuberculosis research and clinical applications. It exerts its biological effects primarily by inhibiting arabinosyl transferase enzymes involved in mycobacterial cell wall biosynthesis, leading to impairment of cell wall integrity. Ethambutol demonstrates bacteriostatic activity specifically against actively replicating mycobacteria, thus serving as an essential therapeutic and investigative tool in tuberculosis cell biology and pharmacological studies. Ethambutol is frequently applied in vitro and in animal model systems for evaluating antimycobacterial potential and exploring resistance mechanisms, typically exhibiting an IC50 value in the micromolar concentration range. Ethambutol dihydrochloride can be used to establish animal models of hyperuricemia and optic neuropathy. Ethambutol dihydrochloride can cause elevated uric acid levels by reducing renal uric acid clearance, ultimately leading to hyperuricemia. Within a certain dose and time range, ethambutol dihydrochloride induces retinal neuronal cell damage in cases of ethambutol-induced optic neuropathy (EON).