Metabolism
Serine/threonine kinase AMPK upregulates glucose uptake by promoting the expression and function of glucose transporters. AMPK is activated by increased AMP/ATP ratio, resulting from cellular and environmental stress, e.g. low glucose, heat shock, hypoxia and ischemia. AMPK activation positively modulates signaling transductions that refill ATP levels. Moreover, it also stimulates catabolic processes such as fatty acid oxidation and glycolysis through inhibition of ACC and activation of PFK2. AMPK negatively regulates various proteins which are important to ATP-consuming mechanisms, e.g. mTORC2, glycogen synthase, SREBP-1, and TSC2, causing the downregulation/inhibition of gluconeogenesis and glycogen, lipid and protein synthesis.
- A4386 Elesclomol (STA-4783)3 CitationSummary: Oxidative stress/apoptosis inducer,potent and novel
- A4387 VER 1550084 CitationSummary: HSP 70 inhibitor,adenosine-derived
- A4388 XL-8881 CitationTarget: HSP90Summary: Hsp90 inhibitor
- A3756 RetaspimycinSummary: HSP90 inhibitor,antiproliferative and antineoplastic