Recombinant Human IL-10, Tag Free

The interleukin-10 (IL-10) family cytokines are powerful immune mediators with versatile functions. IL-10 family of cytokines is comprised of nine members, IL-10; IL-20 subfamily members IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24, and IL-26; and the distantly related cytokines IL-28A, IL-28B, and IL-29, which are more commonly classified as type III interferons (IFNs) and designated as IFN-λ2, IFN-λ3, and IFN-λ1^[1-3].

IL-10, the founding member of this family of cytokines, was originally described as an activity purified from activated CD4+ T helper (Th) 2 cells named cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor (CSIF)^[4]. Following its cloning, IL-10 was additionally found to stimulate mast cells, thymocytes, and B cells and have major immunosuppressive effects on myeloid cells^[1,5-7]. IL-10 elicits its major suppressive effects on myeloid cells by inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines and antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and other functions^[8,9]. IL-10 also has a direct inhibitory effect on memory Th17 and Th2 cells while promoting the survival and action of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) ^[10-13]. Compromised signaling of the IL-10 pathway is associated with inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)^[14] and is often accompanied by immunopathology during infections.

Reference:

1. Interleukin-10 and the interleukin-10 receptor. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 2001; 19: 683-765
2. Regulation and functions of the IL-10 family of cytokines in inflammation and disease. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 2011; 29: 71-109
3. IL-10 family of cytokines. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2010; 21: 315-324
4. Two types of mouse T helper cell. IV. Th2 clones secrete a factor that inhibits cytokine production by Th1 clones. J. Exp. Med. 1989; 170: 2081-2095
5. Homology of cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor (IL-10) to the Epstein-Barr virus gene BCRFI. Science. 1990; 248: 1230-1234
6. Interleukin-10. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 1993; 11: 165-190
7. Isolation and expression of human cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor cDNA clones: homology to Epstein-Barr virus open reading frame BCRFI. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1991; 88: 1172-1176
8. Interleukin 10(IL-10) inhibits cytokine synthesis by human monocytes: an autoregulatory role of IL-10 produced by monocytes. J. Exp. Med. 1991; 174: 1209-1220
9. IL-10 inhibits cytokine production by activated macrophages. J. Immunol. 1991; 147: 3815-3822
10. Interleukin-10 signaling in regulatory T cells is required for suppression of Th17 cell-mediated inflammation. Immunity. 2011; 34: 566-578
11. CD4+ Th2 cells are directly regulated by IL-10 during allergic airway inflammation. Mucosal Immunol. 2017; 10: 150-161
12. Memory/effector (CD45RB(lo)) CD4 T cells are controlled directly by IL-10 and cause IL-22-dependent intestinal pathology. J. Exp. Med. 2011; 208: 1027-1040
13. Interleukin 10 acts on regulatory T cells to maintain expression of the transcription factor Foxp3 and suppressive function in mice with colitis. Nat. Immunol. 2009; 10: 1178-1184
14. Interleukin-10-deficient mice develop chronic enterocolitis. Cell. 1993; 75: 263-274