Apoptosis
Apoptosis, also known as programmed cell death, is rigorously controlled process of cell death that leads to phagocytosis of unwanted cell. It is triggered after sufficient cellular damage and activated through extrinsic or intrinsic pathways. The intrinsic pathway is mainly occurs via release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria and regulates mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization by Bcl-2 family proteins. The extrinsic pathway is induced by ligand binding to death receptor, such as Fas, TNFαR, DR3, DR4, and DR5. Caspases then cleave target proteins and nuclear lamins to promote DNA degradation, resulting apoptotic cells undergo phagocytosis. In addition, p53 has the ability to activate intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis by inducing transcription of several proteins like Puma, Bid, Bax, TRAIL-R2, and CD95.
Some Inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), such as XIAP/BIRC4 and Bruce/BIRC6, can block casapse activity through direct binding, while other IAPs, such as cIAP1/BIRC2, cIAP2/BIRC3, act as ubiquitin ligases that target caspases for ubiquitin-mediated degradation. Apoptosis is essential for growth, development and aging in multicellular organisms. Any alterations or abnormalities occurring in apoptotic processes contribute to development of human diseases, including cancer.
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BA3217 pan-HER-IN-2Summary: pan-HER-IN-2 is a reversible, broad-spectrum inhibitor with oral activity. - BA3218 PhellamurinSummary: Phellamurin is a plant flavonoid glycoside from the leaves that inhibits intestinal P-glycoprotein.
- BA3219 BDM19Summary: BDM19 binds and activates cytoplasmic BAX dimers.
- BA3220 AnkaflavinSummary: Ankaflavin is obtained from Monascus-Fermented red rice and is an orally active agonist.
- BA3221 ZX-29Summary: ZX-29 is a potent and selective inhibitor.
- BA3223 YK5Summary: YK5 is a potent and selective inhibitor.
- BA3224 EurycomalactoneSummary: Eurycomalactone is an active sympathomimetic compound.
- BA3225 CDDO-2P-ImSummary: CDDO-2P-Im is a CDDO imidazolamide analog with chemopreventive effects.
- BA3226 NortrachelogeninSummary: Nortrachelogenin ((-)-Wikstromol) can be isolated from and induces apoptosis in Candidaalbicans.
- BA3228 HematoporphyrinSummary: Hematoporphyrin (HematoporphyrinIX) is a photosensitizer that is a heme-binding protein affinity chromatography substrate.