Apoptosis
Apoptosis, also known as programmed cell death, is rigorously controlled process of cell death that leads to phagocytosis of unwanted cell. It is triggered after sufficient cellular damage and activated through extrinsic or intrinsic pathways. The intrinsic pathway is mainly occurs via release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria and regulates mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization by Bcl-2 family proteins. The extrinsic pathway is induced by ligand binding to death receptor, such as Fas, TNFαR, DR3, DR4, and DR5. Caspases then cleave target proteins and nuclear lamins to promote DNA degradation, resulting apoptotic cells undergo phagocytosis. In addition, p53 has the ability to activate intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis by inducing transcription of several proteins like Puma, Bid, Bax, TRAIL-R2, and CD95.
Some Inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), such as XIAP/BIRC4 and Bruce/BIRC6, can block casapse activity through direct binding, while other IAPs, such as cIAP1/BIRC2, cIAP2/BIRC3, act as ubiquitin ligases that target caspases for ubiquitin-mediated degradation. Apoptosis is essential for growth, development and aging in multicellular organisms. Any alterations or abnormalities occurring in apoptotic processes contribute to development of human diseases, including cancer.
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BA3229 Thalidomide-5-methylSummary: Thalidomide-5-methyl is a CRBN ligand based on Thalidomide. - BA3230 DroloxifeneSummary: Droloxifene, a Tamoxifen derivative, is an orally active and selective estrogen receptor modulator.
- BA3231 ChamaejasmineSummary: Chamaejasmine is a dual class of flavonoids that can be isolated from the roots of Rafflesia lycopersicum and has antitumor activity.
- BA3232 KX2-361Summary: KX2-361 (KX-02) is a kinase and microtubule protein polymerization inhibitor.
- BA3233 GermanicolSummary: Germanicol is a selective anti-tumor agent that inhibits the growth of human colon cancer cell lines HCT-116 and HT29.
- BA3234 SSE15206Summary: SSE15206 is a microtubule polymerization inhibitor.
- BA3235 IsolongifoleneSummary: Isolongifolene ((-)-Isolongifolene) is a tricyclic sesquiterpene.
- BA3236 CDDO-3P-ImSummary: CDDO-3P-Im is a CDDO imidazolamide analog with chemopreventive effects.
- BA3237 8-AminoadenosineSummary: 8-Aminoadenosine (8-NH2-Ado) is an RNA-directed nucleoside analog that reduces cellular ATP levels and inhibits synthesis.
- BA3238 T-1-PMPASummary: T-1-PMPA is a potent inhibitor.