Apoptosis
Apoptosis, also known as programmed cell death, is rigorously controlled process of cell death that leads to phagocytosis of unwanted cell. It is triggered after sufficient cellular damage and activated through extrinsic or intrinsic pathways. The intrinsic pathway is mainly occurs via release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria and regulates mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization by Bcl-2 family proteins. The extrinsic pathway is induced by ligand binding to death receptor, such as Fas, TNFαR, DR3, DR4, and DR5. Caspases then cleave target proteins and nuclear lamins to promote DNA degradation, resulting apoptotic cells undergo phagocytosis. In addition, p53 has the ability to activate intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis by inducing transcription of several proteins like Puma, Bid, Bax, TRAIL-R2, and CD95.
Some Inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), such as XIAP/BIRC4 and Bruce/BIRC6, can block casapse activity through direct binding, while other IAPs, such as cIAP1/BIRC2, cIAP2/BIRC3, act as ubiquitin ligases that target caspases for ubiquitin-mediated degradation. Apoptosis is essential for growth, development and aging in multicellular organisms. Any alterations or abnormalities occurring in apoptotic processes contribute to development of human diseases, including cancer.
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BA3193 BTM-3528Summary: BTM-3528 is an activator of the mitochondrial protease OMA1 and mediates hyperactivation of the mitochondrial integrative stress response (ISR). - BA3195 ZeylenoneSummary: Zeylenone is a naturally occurring cyclohexene oxide.
- BA3196 DehydrocrenatidineSummary: Dehydrocrenatidine is a naturally occurring alkaloid that is a specific inhibitor.
- BA3198 S116836Summary: S116836 is a potent, orally active tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that blocks both wild-type and T315I.
- BA3199 ConglobatinSummary: Conglobatin (FW-04-806) is a macrolide bilactone isolated from cultures.
- BA3200 LarotaxelSummary: Larotaxel (XRP9881) is a paclitaxel analog with preclinical activity against paclitaxel-resistant breast cancer.
- BA3202 GoniothalaminSummary: Goniothalamin (GTN) is a styrolactone with anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and immunosuppressive properties.
- BA3203 XL44Summary: XL44 is a binding agent for the hRpn13 protein and induces apoptosis through an hRpn13-dependent mechanism, while also limiting cell survival through a PCLAF-dependent mechanism.
- BA3204 Bufarenogin
- BA3205 NeoxanthinSummary: Neoxanthin, a major lutein carotenoid found in dark green leafy vegetables, is a precursor to the plant hormone abscisic acid.