Apoptosis
Apoptosis, also known as programmed cell death, is rigorously controlled process of cell death that leads to phagocytosis of unwanted cell. It is triggered after sufficient cellular damage and activated through extrinsic or intrinsic pathways. The intrinsic pathway is mainly occurs via release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria and regulates mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization by Bcl-2 family proteins. The extrinsic pathway is induced by ligand binding to death receptor, such as Fas, TNFαR, DR3, DR4, and DR5. Caspases then cleave target proteins and nuclear lamins to promote DNA degradation, resulting apoptotic cells undergo phagocytosis. In addition, p53 has the ability to activate intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis by inducing transcription of several proteins like Puma, Bid, Bax, TRAIL-R2, and CD95.
Some Inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), such as XIAP/BIRC4 and Bruce/BIRC6, can block casapse activity through direct binding, while other IAPs, such as cIAP1/BIRC2, cIAP2/BIRC3, act as ubiquitin ligases that target caspases for ubiquitin-mediated degradation. Apoptosis is essential for growth, development and aging in multicellular organisms. Any alterations or abnormalities occurring in apoptotic processes contribute to development of human diseases, including cancer.
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BA2890 INI-43Summary: INI-43 is an inhibitor that interferes with the nuclear localization of Kpnβ1 and known Kpnβ1cargo proteins, NFAT, NFκB, AP-1 and NFY. - BA2891 ArtemisiteneSummary: Artemisitene is a natural derivative of Artemisinin, an activator with antioxidant and anticancer activity.
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BA2892 FOXO4-DRISummary: FOXO4-DRI is a cell-permeable peptide antagonist. - BA2893 DMU-212Summary: DMU-212 is a resveratrol methylated derivative with antidisintegrative, antiproliferative, antioxidant and apoptosis-promoting activities.
- BA2894 ARS-853Summary: ARS-853 is a selective, covalent inhibitor.
- BA2895 CCT128930Summary: CCT128930 is an ATP-competitive and selective inhibitor (value of 6 nM for AKT2).
- BA2896 MN58bSummary: MN58b is a selective inhibitor of phosphorylcholine synthesis.
- BA2898 LCS3Summary: LCS3 is a reversible and non-competitive inhibitor of glutathione disulfide reductase and thioredoxin reductase 1 (3.3 μM and 3.8 μM, respectively).
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BA2899 MY-1076Summary: MY-1076 is an inhibitor. - BA2902 PonicidinSummary: Ponicidin (RubescensineB) is a diterpene derived from dong quai with immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antiviral and anticancer properties.