Apoptosis
Apoptosis, also known as programmed cell death, is rigorously controlled process of cell death that leads to phagocytosis of unwanted cell. It is triggered after sufficient cellular damage and activated through extrinsic or intrinsic pathways. The intrinsic pathway is mainly occurs via release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria and regulates mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization by Bcl-2 family proteins. The extrinsic pathway is induced by ligand binding to death receptor, such as Fas, TNFαR, DR3, DR4, and DR5. Caspases then cleave target proteins and nuclear lamins to promote DNA degradation, resulting apoptotic cells undergo phagocytosis. In addition, p53 has the ability to activate intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis by inducing transcription of several proteins like Puma, Bid, Bax, TRAIL-R2, and CD95.
Some Inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), such as XIAP/BIRC4 and Bruce/BIRC6, can block casapse activity through direct binding, while other IAPs, such as cIAP1/BIRC2, cIAP2/BIRC3, act as ubiquitin ligases that target caspases for ubiquitin-mediated degradation. Apoptosis is essential for growth, development and aging in multicellular organisms. Any alterations or abnormalities occurring in apoptotic processes contribute to development of human diseases, including cancer.
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BA3285 TomentosinSummary: Tomentosin is an anti-inflammatory sesquiterpene lactone that can be isolated from the Caspian Sea cyclamen. - BA3286 FascaplysinSummary: Fascaplysin is an anti-microbial and cytotoxic red pigment that can come from marine sponges.
- BA3287 PI3Kδ-IN-16Summary: PI3Kδ-IN-16 is a potent and selective inhibitor.
- BA3289 UK-101Summary: UK-101 is a potent and selective inhibitor of immunoproteasome β1i (=104 nM).
- BA3290 ApomineSummary: Apomine (SR-45023A) is an antitumor agent that inhibits the mevalonate/isoprene pathway in cholesterol synthesis.
- BA3291 ATPase-IN-3Summary: ATPase-IN-3 is an ATPase inhibitor.
- BA3292 LQZ-7FSummary: LQZ-7F is a survivin dimerization inhibitor that induces spontaneous apoptosis and synergizes with doxorubicin in prostate cancer cells.
- BA3293 IsocurcumenolSummary: Isocurcumenol can be isolated from Rhizomes and is an inhibitor.
- BA3294 AZA197Summary: AZA197 is a selective small molecule inhibitor.
- BA3295 PancratistatinSummary: Pancratistatin is an isoquinoline alkaloid that can be isolated from spider orchids.