Apoptosis
Apoptosis, also known as programmed cell death, is rigorously controlled process of cell death that leads to phagocytosis of unwanted cell. It is triggered after sufficient cellular damage and activated through extrinsic or intrinsic pathways. The intrinsic pathway is mainly occurs via release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria and regulates mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization by Bcl-2 family proteins. The extrinsic pathway is induced by ligand binding to death receptor, such as Fas, TNFαR, DR3, DR4, and DR5. Caspases then cleave target proteins and nuclear lamins to promote DNA degradation, resulting apoptotic cells undergo phagocytosis. In addition, p53 has the ability to activate intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis by inducing transcription of several proteins like Puma, Bid, Bax, TRAIL-R2, and CD95.
Some Inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), such as XIAP/BIRC4 and Bruce/BIRC6, can block casapse activity through direct binding, while other IAPs, such as cIAP1/BIRC2, cIAP2/BIRC3, act as ubiquitin ligases that target caspases for ubiquitin-mediated degradation. Apoptosis is essential for growth, development and aging in multicellular organisms. Any alterations or abnormalities occurring in apoptotic processes contribute to development of human diseases, including cancer.
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BA2835 NitrochinSummary: Nitrochin (4-NQO) is a chemical carcinogen. - BA2836 RobininSummary: Robinin, a flavonoid that can be extracted from purple-red cowpea leaves, inhibits the TGF-β, TLR4/NF-κB, and TLR2-PI3k-AKT signaling pathways and exerts anti-inflammatory and antitumor effects.
- BA2838 BendamustineSummary: Bendamustine (SDX-105 free base), a purine analog, is a cross-linking agent.
- BA2839 NBDHEXSummary: NBDHEX is a potent inhibitor of glutathione S-transferase P1-1.
- BA2840 TomatineSummary: Tomatine is a glycoside alkaloid found in the tomato plant (Mill.).
- BA2841 L67Summary: L67 (DNALigaseInhibitor) is a competitive DNA ligase inhibitor that potently inhibits DNA ligases I and III (both 10 μM).
- BA2842 LobaplatinSummary: Lobaplatin (D-19466) is an diastereomeric mixture of platinum(II) complexes.
- BA2843 AtrosabSummary: Atrosab is a humanized antagonistic anti-antibody.
- BA2844 TMI-1Summary: TMI-1 is a potent inhibitor of deintegrin metallase 17 and other matrix metalloproteinase MMPs.
- BA2845 MepazineSummary: Mepazine (Pecazine) is a potent and selective protease inhibitor.