Apoptosis
Apoptosis, also known as programmed cell death, is rigorously controlled process of cell death that leads to phagocytosis of unwanted cell. It is triggered after sufficient cellular damage and activated through extrinsic or intrinsic pathways. The intrinsic pathway is mainly occurs via release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria and regulates mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization by Bcl-2 family proteins. The extrinsic pathway is induced by ligand binding to death receptor, such as Fas, TNFαR, DR3, DR4, and DR5. Caspases then cleave target proteins and nuclear lamins to promote DNA degradation, resulting apoptotic cells undergo phagocytosis. In addition, p53 has the ability to activate intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis by inducing transcription of several proteins like Puma, Bid, Bax, TRAIL-R2, and CD95.
Some Inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), such as XIAP/BIRC4 and Bruce/BIRC6, can block casapse activity through direct binding, while other IAPs, such as cIAP1/BIRC2, cIAP2/BIRC3, act as ubiquitin ligases that target caspases for ubiquitin-mediated degradation. Apoptosis is essential for growth, development and aging in multicellular organisms. Any alterations or abnormalities occurring in apoptotic processes contribute to development of human diseases, including cancer.
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BA5008 OxatomideSummary: Oxatomide is a potent orally active dual H1 histamine receptor and receptor antagonist with antihistamine and antiallergic activity. - BA5103 ParoxetineSummary: Paroxetine, a phenylpiperidine derivative, is a potent selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI).
- BA5212 VoacamineSummary: Voacamine is an indole alkaloid.
- BA5222 GP1aSummary: GP1a is a potent agonist of cannabinoid receptor 2.
- BA5408 RoxatidineSummary: Roxatidine is the active metabolite of Roxatidineacetate, a histamine receptor antagonist.
- BA5620 SpexinSummary: Spexin is a conserved peptide with neurotransmitter/neuromodulator and endocrine factor roles.
- BA5655 NalmefeneSummary: Nalmefene is a long-acting opioid agent (and antagonist) and a partial agonist.
- BA5753 AtopaxarSummary: Atopaxar is a potent, orally active, selective, reversible thrombin receptor protease-activated receptor-1 antagonist.
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BA5764 RMC-7977Summary: RMC-7977 is a reversible triple complex inhibitor with broad-spectrum activity against both mutant and wild-type (WT) KRAS, NRAS and HRAS variants. - BA5773 KRA-533Summary: KRA-533 is a potent agonist.