Angiotensin II
Angiotensin II (CAS 4474-91-3), an endogenous octapeptide, exerts potent vasoconstrictive effects through activation of angiotensin receptors on vascular smooth muscle cells. This peptide stimulates contraction via binding G protein-coupled receptors, triggering intracellular signaling cascades involving phospholipase C activation, subsequent IP3-dependent calcium release and protein kinase C-mediated pathways. Angiotensin II additionally promotes aldosterone secretion from adrenal cortical cells, enhancing renal sodium and water reabsorption. Experimentally, angiotensin II is utilized extensively for investigating mechanisms of hypertension, cardiovascular remodeling, vascular smooth muscle cell hypertrophy, and inflammatory responses in vascular injury models. Reported IC50 values for receptor binding typically range between 1-10 nM depending on assay conditions.
Ref:
1. Ruiz-Ortega M, Lorenzo O, Ruperez M, Esteban V, Suzuki Y, Mezzano S, Plaza JJ, Egido J. Role of the renin-angiotensin system in vascular diseases: expanding the field. Hypertension. 2001; 38: 1382–1387.
2. Geisterfer AA, Peach MJ, Owens GK. Angiotensin II induces hypertrophy, not hyperplasia, of cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Circ Res. 1988; 62: 749–756.
3. Berk BC, Vekshtein V, Gordon HM, Tsuda T. Angiotensin II-stimulated protein synthesis in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. Hypertension. 1989; 13: 305–314.
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| Storage | Desiccate at -20°C |
| M.Wt | 1046.2 |
| Cas No. | 4474-91-3 |
| Formula | C50H71N13O12 |
| Synonyms | Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe |
| Solubility | ≥234.6 mg/mL in DMSO; insoluble in EtOH; ≥76.6 mg/mL in H2O |
| Chemical Name | Angiotensin II |
| SDF | Download SDF |
| Canonical SMILES | CCC(C)C(C(=O)NC(CC1=CN=CN1)C(=O)N2CCCC2C(=O)NC(CC3=CC=CC=C3)C(=O)O)NC(=O)C(CC4=CC=C(C=C4)O)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(CCCN=C(N)N)NC(=O)C(CC(=O)O)N.CC(=O)O |
| Shipping Condition | Small Molecules with Blue Ice, Modified Nucleotides with Dry Ice. |
| General tips | We do not recommend long-term storage for the solution, please use it up soon. |
| Cell experiment: [1] | |
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Cell lines |
Vascular smooth muscle cells |
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Preparation method |
The solubility of this peptide in sterile water is >10 mM. Stock solution should be splited and stored at -80°C for several months. |
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Reaction Conditions |
100 nM, 4 hours |
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Applications |
Treatment of Angiotensin II caused a large increase in both NADH and NADPH oxidase activity, both in terms of initial rate and peak response. The increase in oxidase activity was not apparent until ~ 1 hour and continued to increase for at least 6 hours. |
| Animal experiment: [2] | |
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Animal models |
C57BL/6J (apoE–/– ) mice |
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Dosage form |
Drugs were delivered through the minipumps placed into the subcutaneous space in the back of the neck. 500 or 1000 ng/min/kg for 28 days. |
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Applications |
Ang II infusion promotes the development of abdominal aortic aneurysms. The region in the abdominal aorta from an Ang II–infused mouse was markedly increased in size. The tissue encompassing this region was resistant to the dissection process typically used to remove adventitial tissue. The bulbous aortic abdominal shape occurred in 20% and 33% of mice in the groups infused with 500 and 1,000 ng/min/kg of Ang II, respectively. |
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Other notes |
Please test the solubility of all compounds indoor, and the actual solubility may slightly differ with the theoretical value. This is caused by an experimental system error and it is normal. |
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References: [1] Griendling K K, Minieri C A, Ollerenshaw J D, et al. Angiotensin II stimulates NADH and NADPH oxidase activity in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. Circulation research, 1994, 74(6): 1141-1148. [2] Daugherty A, Manning M W, Cassis L A. Angiotensin II promotes atherosclerotic lesions and aneurysms in apolipoprotein E–deficient mice. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 2000, 105(11): 1605-1612. |
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