Apoptosis
Apoptosis, also known as programmed cell death, is rigorously controlled process of cell death that leads to phagocytosis of unwanted cell. It is triggered after sufficient cellular damage and activated through extrinsic or intrinsic pathways. The intrinsic pathway is mainly occurs via release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria and regulates mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization by Bcl-2 family proteins. The extrinsic pathway is induced by ligand binding to death receptor, such as Fas, TNFαR, DR3, DR4, and DR5. Caspases then cleave target proteins and nuclear lamins to promote DNA degradation, resulting apoptotic cells undergo phagocytosis. In addition, p53 has the ability to activate intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis by inducing transcription of several proteins like Puma, Bid, Bax, TRAIL-R2, and CD95.
Some Inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), such as XIAP/BIRC4 and Bruce/BIRC6, can block casapse activity through direct binding, while other IAPs, such as cIAP1/BIRC2, cIAP2/BIRC3, act as ubiquitin ligases that target caspases for ubiquitin-mediated degradation. Apoptosis is essential for growth, development and aging in multicellular organisms. Any alterations or abnormalities occurring in apoptotic processes contribute to development of human diseases, including cancer.
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BA3957 IMT1Summary: IMT1 is the first, specific and non-competitive inhibitor of human mitochondrial RNA polymerase. - BA4093 GCN2-IN-1Summary: GCN2-IN-1 (A-92) is a potent general regulatory inhibitor of inhibited protein kinase 2.
- BA4094 2BActSummary: 2BAct is a highly selective, orally active activator of eukaryotic initiation factors.
- BA4095 GCN2-IN-6Summary: GCN2-IN-6 is a potent oral inhibitor.
- BA4096 eIF4A3-IN-1Summary: eIF4A3-IN-1 is a selective eukaryotic initiation factor 4A3 inhibitor.
- BA4098 DNL343Summary: DNL343 is a brain-permeable activator of activated eukaryotic initiation factor 2B (eIF2B).
- BA4101 eIF4E-IN-2Summary: eIF4E-IN-2 is a potent inhibitor of eukaryotic initiation factor 4e.
- BA4102 eIF4A3-IN-18Summary: eIF4A3-IN-18 is an analog.
- BA4103 CMLD012612Summary: CMLD012612 is a class of amidino-rocaglate containing an isohydroxamic acid ester moiety and is a potent inhibitor of eukaryotic initiation factor 4A.
- BA4104 eIF4A3-IN-9Summary: eIF4A3-IN-9 is an analog.