taurohyodeoxycholic acid

taurohyodeoxycholic acid (CAS No.: 2958-04-5) is a taurine-conjugated secondary bile acid derived from hyodeoxycholic acid that functions as an orally active modulator of bile acid homeostasis and lipid metabolism, widely utilized in hepatology and gastrointestinal research. This molecule enhances bile flow and promotes biliary secretion of cholesterol, phospholipids, and lipids, contributing to its hepatoprotective effects and potential to reduce gallstone burden in experimental systems. Mechanistically, taurohyodeoxycholic acid exhibits anti-inflammatory activity through suppression of myeloperoxidase activity and downregulation of pro-inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α, IL-6, and COX-2, while modulating immune balance via regulation of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg pathways. In preclinical models, it alleviates chemically induced colitis and ameliorates high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and it has been shown to counteract bile acid-induced hepatotoxicity when co-administered with more cytotoxic bile acids. Its biological activity is typically observed in the low micromolar to micromolar range in vitro, consistent with other bile acid derivatives. Taurohyodeoxycholic acid is broadly applied in cell-based assays and animal models to investigate bile acid signaling, inflammatory responses, metabolic liver diseases, and biliary disorders, with experimental concentrations or dosing regimens varying according to specific study designs and therapeutic hypotheses.