Metabolism


Serine/threonine kinase AMPK upregulates glucose uptake by promoting the expression and function of glucose transporters. AMPK is activated by increased AMP/ATP ratio, resulting from cellular and environmental stress, e.g. low glucose, heat shock, hypoxia and ischemia. AMPK activation positively modulates signaling transductions that refill ATP levels. Moreover, it also stimulates catabolic processes such as fatty acid oxidation and glycolysis through inhibition of ACC and activation of PFK2. AMPK negatively regulates various proteins which are important to ATP-consuming mechanisms, e.g. mTORC2, glycogen synthase, SREBP-1, and TSC2, causing the downregulation/inhibition of gluconeogenesis and glycogen, lipid and protein synthesis.
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C8914 FursultiamineSummary: Fursultiamine is a lipophilic thiamine derivative used to investigate vitamin B1 metabolism, thiamine-dependent enzymatic pathways, and cellular bioenergetics in biochemical research. -
C8915 EliglustatSummary: Eliglustat is a potent glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor targeting glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, widely utilized in sphingolipid metabolism and lysosomal biology research. -
C8916 umbralisib (TGR-1202)Summary: Umbralisib (TGR-1202; CAS 1532533-67-7) is a selective PI3Kδ and casein kinase-1ε inhibitor used in oncology and signal transduction research. -
C8920 Tofogliflozin(CSG 452)Summary: Tofogliflozin (CSG 452) is a potent, selective sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor targeting renal glucose transport, widely utilized in metabolic and diabetes mechanism research. -
C8927 Choline theophyllinateSummary: Oxtriphylline is a methylxanthine phosphodiesterase inhibitor and adenosine receptor antagonist used to investigate cyclic nucleotide signaling in pharmacological and biochemical research. -
C8940 D-Gluconic acidSummary: D-Gluconic acid is a sugar acid metabolite used as a chelating and pH-modulating reagent in biochemical analysis, microbial metabolism, and enzymology research. -
C8945 Eliglustat hemitartrateSummary: Eliglustat hemitartrate is a potent glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor targeting glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, widely utilized in sphingolipid metabolism and lysosomal pathway research. -
C8951 Efonidipine hydrochloride monoethanolateSummary: Efonidipine hydrochloride monoethanolate is a dual L- and T-type calcium channel blocker used as a pharmacological tool in cardiovascular signaling research. -
C8953 Menadione bisulfite sodiumSummary: Menadione bisulfite sodium is a water-soluble vitamin K3 derivative that modulates redox signaling and is widely utilized in oxidative stress and cell biology research. -
C8954 Vardenafil hydrochlorideSummary: Vardenafil hydrochloride is a selective phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor targeting cGMP signaling, widely utilized as a pharmacological probe in vascular and smooth muscle research.
