NADP+ (sodium salt hydrate)

NADP+ (sodium salt hydrate) (CAS No.: 698999-85-8) is the oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, a ubiquitous redox coenzyme that functions as a central mediator of electron transfer in cellular metabolism and is interconverted with its reduced counterpart NADPH to maintain intracellular redox homeostasis. As an essential cofactor for a wide range of oxidoreductases, NADP+ participates in key biochemical pathways including the pentose phosphate pathway, lipid and nucleotide biosynthesis, antioxidant defense systems, and regulation of reactive oxygen species, thereby influencing processes such as mitochondrial function, calcium signaling, gene expression, immune responses, aging, and programmed cell death. It is enzymatically generated from NAD+ by NAD kinase and serves as a critical determinant of the NADP+/NADPH ratio, which governs metabolic flux and cellular signaling networks; for example, NADP+-dependent modulation of ion channels and stabilization of enzymes such as glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase highlights its regulatory role in enzymatic activity and ion transport. In biochemical and cell-based systems, exogenous NADP+ can enhance NADPH production under controlled concentrations, although excessive levels may alter reaction conditions and reduce efficiency. While specific potency metrics such as IC50 or EC50 are not typically defined for this endogenous cofactor, its functional activity is commonly studied in the micromolar to millimolar concentration range depending on the assay context. NADP+ (sodium salt hydrate) is widely used in in vitro enzymatic assays, metabolic flux analysis, redox biology studies, and high-throughput screening platforms, as well as in cellular and microbial models to investigate oxidative stress, biosynthetic pathways, and cofactor-dependent enzyme mechanisms, with experimental concentrations tailored to specific research objectives.