NADPH (sodium salt)

NADPH (sodium salt) (CAS No.: 2646-71-1) is a biologically active, reduced cofactor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate that serves as a central electron donor in cellular redox reactions and anabolic metabolism. Endogenously generated primarily via the pentose phosphate pathway in mammalian cells and through photosynthetic electron transport in plants, NADPH plays a critical role in maintaining intracellular redox homeostasis, supporting antioxidant defense systems, and enabling the regeneration of reduced glutathione and thioredoxin systems that protect against reactive oxygen species. It is functionally linked to enzymatic systems such as NADPH oxidases and reductases, thereby participating in regulated oxidative signaling as well as oxidative stress responses, and has been identified as a key modulator of ferroptosis through its involvement in lipid peroxide detoxification pathways. In addition, NADPH provides reducing equivalents essential for biosynthetic processes including fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis, nucleotide production, and the generation of chiral intermediates and biopolymers, making it indispensable for cell growth, biomass accumulation, and proliferation. In research settings, NADPH (sodium salt) is widely used as a cofactor in enzymatic assays, metabolic studies, and high-throughput screening platforms to evaluate redox-dependent enzyme activity and oxidative stress mechanisms, with effective concentrations typically applied across low micromolar to millimolar ranges depending on assay design and biological context.