gentisate

gentisate (CAS No.: 490-79-9) is a naturally occurring benzoic acid derivative and an active metabolite of aspirin, widely studied in biomedical research for its regulatory effects on cellular signaling and oxidative stress. It functions as an inhibitor of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) activity, interfering with FGF-mediated signaling pathways that govern cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration, thereby making it a useful tool for investigating mechanisms of tissue repair, regeneration, and tumor biology. In vitro studies indicate that gentisate exhibits biological activity in the low micromolar range, including suppression of lipid peroxidation, inhibition of low-density lipoprotein oxidation, and reduction of reactive oxygen species, alongside enhancement of antioxidant enzyme activity such as superoxide dismutase. Beyond its role in modulating growth factor signaling, it has demonstrated protective effects in cellular and animal models of oxidative damage, cardiovascular remodeling, and inflammatory stress, partly through modulation of pathways associated with redox balance and the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system. Gentisate is also reported to influence smooth muscle relaxation via ion channel-related mechanisms, further supporting its functional diversity. This compound is commonly applied in cell-based assays and preclinical models to explore FGF-related pathways, oxidative stress responses, and cardiopulmonary function, with experimental concentrations or dosing regimens adjusted according to specific study designs and therapeutic hypotheses.