Tempol

Tempol (CAS: 2226-96-2) is a membrane-permeable nitroxide and superoxide dismutase mimetic that functions as a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger. It interrupts hydrogen peroxide-mediated signaling pathways, attenuating mitochondrial respiratory inhibition and reducing cell injury markers such as lactate dehydrogenase release in renal tubular cells. In animal models, Tempol administration limits oxidative stress, mitigates renal and vascular damage, decreases neutrophil infiltration, and reduces lipid peroxidation. Additionally, it has been shown to lower portal hypertension in cirrhotic rats and prevent vascular remodeling and cardiac changes associated with hypertension. Tempol is widely used to study oxidative stress and its pathophysiological consequences.

References:
1. Chatterjee PK, Cuzzocrea S, Brown PA et al. Tempol, a membrane-permeable radical scavenger, reduces oxidant stress-mediated renal dysfunction and injury in the rat. Kidney Int. 2000 Aug;58(2):658-73.
2.  Lejeune D, Hasanuzzaman M, Pitcock A et al. The superoxide scavenger TEMPOL induces urokinase receptor (uPAR) expression in human prostate cancer cells. Mol Cancer. 2006 Jun 6;5:21.
3.  García-Calderó H, Rodríguez-Vilarrupla A, Gracia-Sancho J et al. Tempol administration, a superoxide dismutase mimetic, reduces hepatic vascular resistance and portal pressure in cirrhotic rats. J Hepatol. 2011 Apr;54(4):660-5.
4.  Rizzi E, Castro MM, Ceron CS et al. Tempol inhibits TGF-β and MMPs upregulation and prevents cardiac hypertensive changes. Int J Cardiol. 2013 Apr 30;165(1):165-73.
5.  Pires PW, Deutsch C, McClain JL et al. Tempol, a superoxide dismutase mimetic, prevents cerebral vessel remodeling in hypertensive rats. Microvasc Res. 2010 Dec;80(3):445-52.