Lyso-PC

Lyso-PC (CAS No.: 17364-16-8) is a widely distributed lysophosphatidylcholine lipid species generated predominantly through phospholipase A2-mediated hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine, and serves as a bioactive mediator in inflammatory and vascular biology research. As an endogenous signaling lipid, Lyso-PC modulates multiple cellular pathways associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, and immune regulation, including enhancement of reactive oxygen species production, suppression of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, and alteration of endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity and ERK1/2 signaling in endothelial cells. It promotes the release of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, IL-1β, IL-12, and TNF-α, particularly in classically activated macrophages, while exerting selective effects on immune cell polarization and regulatory T cell function through modulation of TGF-β1 and Foxp3 expression. Additionally, Lyso-PC has been shown to influence neutrophil activity and host defense responses in infection models. Typically active in the low micromolar to mid micromolar range in vitro, this lipid is extensively used in studies of atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction, and immune cell recruitment, as well as in cardiovascular disease models and cell-based assays aimed at dissecting inflammatory signaling pathways. Experimental concentrations or in vivo dosing regimens vary depending on specific model systems and study objectives, supporting its broad utility in mechanistic investigations and drug discovery efforts targeting inflammation-related pathologies.