TD139

TD139 (CAS No.: 1450824-22-2) is a synthetic small-molecule inhibitor of galectin-3, a β-galactoside-binding lectin implicated in diverse biological processes including cell adhesion, immune regulation, fibrosis, and tumor progression. This compound exhibits high binding affinity for galectin-3 with dissociation constants in the nanomolar range, while demonstrating markedly lower affinity toward related galectin family members such as galectin-1 and galectin-7, indicating a favorable selectivity profile. By targeting galectin-3-mediated signaling pathways, TD139 serves as a valuable tool for investigating mechanisms underlying inflammatory responses, extracellular matrix remodeling, and fibrotic disease progression, particularly in pulmonary contexts such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis models. In vitro and in vivo studies typically employ TD139 at concentrations spanning nanomolar to micromolar levels, depending on assay design and biological system, to elucidate galectin-3-dependent cellular processes including macrophage activation, fibroblast proliferation, and cytokine modulation. As a research-focused agent, TD139 is widely utilized in cell-based assays and preclinical animal models to explore galectin-3 biology and to support the identification and validation of molecular pathways relevant to fibrosis and related pathophysiological conditions.