Roquinimex

Roquinimex (CAS No.: 84088-42-6) is a synthetic quinoline-derived immunomodulatory agent widely used in biomedical research to investigate immune regulation, inflammation, and angiogenesis. It enhances innate immune responses by increasing natural killer cell activity and macrophage cytotoxicity, while modulating cytokine networks through suppression of pro-inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α and IL-1β and induction of regulatory cytokines including IFN-γ, IL-10, and TGF-β. Roquinimex has also been shown to inhibit angiogenesis and alter T cell subset balance, contributing to its immunostimulatory and anti-inflammatory profile. In experimental models, it demonstrates activity in the low micromolar to micromolar range in vitro, with functional effects assessed through cytokine expression and immune cell activation assays. In vivo, it has been extensively utilized in murine models of dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis, viral myocarditis, graft-versus-host disease, and tumor xenografts, where it reduces disease severity, inflammatory markers such as myeloperoxidase activity, tissue damage, and tumor vascularization. The concentrations or doses used in experiments typically depend on specific experimental designs and research objectives, making Roquinimex a valuable tool compound for studying immune-mediated pathologies and evaluating therapeutic strategies targeting inflammatory and angiogenic pathways.