Recombinant Mouse IL-10 (His, Flag)

Interleukin 10, also known as cytokine synthesis inhibitor (CSIF), is a founding member of the IL-10α helix cytokine family, which also includes IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, and IL-24. IL-10 is secreted by many activated hematopoietic cell types, as well as hepatic stellate cells, keratinocytes, and placental cytotrophoblast cells. Mature mouse IL-10 has 85% amino acid sequence homology with rats and 70%-77% homology with IL-10 from cattle, dogs, horses, cats, humans, sheep, and pigs. While human IL-10 is active on mouse cells, mouse IL-10 does not act on human cells. IL-10 is a 178-amino acid molecule containing two intrachain disulfide bonds expressed as a 36 kDa non-covalently bound homodimer. The IL-10 dimer binds to two IL-10Rα/IL-10R1 chains, resulting in the recruitment of both IL-10Rβ/IL-10R2 chains and activating signaling cascades involving JAK1, TYK2, and STAT3. IL-10Rβ does not bind to IL-10 on its own, but it is required for signal transduction. IL-10Rβ also binds to IL-20Rα, IL-22Rα, or IL-28Rα to form receptor complexes for IL-22, IL-26, IL-28, and IL-29. IL-10 is a key molecule in the control of viral infections, allergies, and autoimmune inflammation. It promotes phagocytic uptake and Th2 responses, but inhibits antigen presentation and Th1 pro-inflammatory responses.