L-Lysine hydrochloride

L-Lysine hydrochloride (CAS No.: 657-27-2) is a biologically active salt form of the essential amino acid L-lysine, widely utilized in biomedical research as a key regulator of protein synthesis, nitrogen balance, and cellular metabolism. As a fundamental substrate in the saccharopine pathway, it contributes to mitochondrial acetyl-coenzyme A production and serves as a precursor for L-carnitine biosynthesis, thereby linking amino acid metabolism with energy production and fatty acid oxidation. Mechanistically, L-lysine hydrochloride has been shown to modulate viral replication, particularly in herpesvirus-related models, likely through interference with arginine-dependent viral processes, and exhibits activity in the micromolar concentration range in relevant in vitro systems. Additionally, its capacity to chelate calcium supports its role in bone metabolism and mineral homeostasis, while emerging evidence indicates involvement in glucose metabolism regulation and maintenance of gut microbiota balance. In vivo studies further suggest effects on stress-related physiological responses and viral shedding, highlighting its systemic biological relevance. This compound is extensively applied in cell-based assays, animal models of viral infection, metabolic disorders, and nutritional deficiency, where experimental concentrations or dosing regimens are adapted according to specific study designs, making it a versatile tool in drug discovery, metabolic research, and functional nutrition studies.