KR-12 (human) TFA
KR-12 (CAS 1218951-51-9), the smallest antimicrobial fragment of human LL-37 (residues 18–29: KRIVQRIKDFLR), targets bacterial anionic membranes by disrupting structure, inducing lipid clustering and perforation, and binds Cu(II) at Asp²⁶ and Arg²⁹. It presents narrow-spectrum antimicrobial, anti-biofilm, LPS-neutralizing, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, osteogenic and wound-healing activities. The MICs are 64 μM (E. coli K12), 5 μg/mL (C. albicans), 8.4 μg/mL (S. aureus), 2.1 μg/mL (E. coli ATCC25922) and 128–256 μg/mL (MDR A. baumannii). It is non-toxic to mammalian cells at ≤128 μg/mL and is used for therapeutic interventions in multiple animal infection models with specified administration doses.
References:
[1] Mishra B, Epand RF, Epand RM, Wang G. Structural location determines functional roles of the basic amino acids of KR-12, the smallest antimicrobial peptide from human cathelicidin LL-37. RSC Adv. 2013 Nov 14;(42):10.1039/C3RA42599A. doi: 10.1039/C3RA42599A. PMID: 24307932; PMCID: PMC3844289.
[2] Feng X, Sambanthamoorthy K, Palys T, Paranavitana C. The human antimicrobial peptide LL-37 and its fragments possess both antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Peptides. 2013 Nov;49:131-7. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2013.09.007. Epub 2013 Sep 23. PMID: 24071034.
[3] Luo Y, McLean DT, Linden GJ, McAuley DF, McMullan R, Lundy FT. The Naturally Occurring Host Defense Peptide, LL-37, and Its Truncated Mimetics KE-18 and KR-12 Have Selected Biocidal and Antibiofilm Activities Against Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli In vitro. Front Microbiol. 2017 Mar 31;8:544. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00544. PMID: 28408902; PMCID: PMC5374219.
[4] Fabisiak N, Fabisiak A, Chmielowiec-Korzeniowska A, Tymczyna L, Kamysz W, Kordek R, Bauer M, Kamysz E, Fichna J. Anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects of human cathelicidin active fragment KR-12 in the mouse models of colitis: a novel potential therapy of inflammatory bowel diseases. Pharmacol Rep. 2021 Feb;73(1):163-171. doi: 10.1007/s43440-020-00190-3. Epub 2020 Nov 21. PMID: 33219923; PMCID: PMC7862075.
[5] Brzeski J, Wyrzykowski D, Makowska J. Application of a modern theoretical approach to the study of the interaction of KR-12 peptides derived from human cathelicidins with Cu(II) ions. Dalton Trans. 2024 Jun 10;53(23):9942-9951. doi: 10.1039/d4dt01027b. PMID: 38809157.
[6] Lakshmaiah Narayana J, Mechesso AF, Rather IIG, Zarena D, Luo J, Xie J, Wang G. Origami of KR-12 Designed Antimicrobial Peptides and Their Potential Applications. Antibiotics (Basel). 2024 Aug 28;13(9):816. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics13090816. PMID: 39334990; PMCID: PMC11429261.
| Storage | Store at -20°C |
| M.Wt | 1684.97 |
| Cas No. | 1218951-51-9 (free base) |
| Formula | C73H128F3N25O17 |
| Chemical Name | (3S)-3-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-5-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2,6-diaminohexanoyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-5-(diaminometh |
| SDF | Download SDF |
| Canonical SMILES | O=C(O)C[C@H](NC([C@@H](NC([C@@H](NC([C@@H](NC([C@@H](NC([C@@H](NC([C@@H](NC([C@@H](NC([C@@H](N)CCCCN)=O)CCC/N=C(N)\N)=O)[C@@H](C)CC)=O)C(C)C)=O)CCC(N)=O)=O)CCC/N=C(N)\N)=O)[C@@H](C)CC)=O)CCCCN)=O)C(N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(N[C@@H](CCC/N=C(N |
| Shipping Condition | Small Molecules with Blue Ice, Modified Nucleotides with Dry Ice. |
| General tips | We do not recommend long-term storage for the solution, please use it up soon. |