HKSOX-1

HKSOX-1 and its derivatives (HKSOX-1r and HKSOX-1m) are fluorescent probes designed to detect superoxide anion radicals (O₂^-) in the cellular environment with high sensitivity and selectivity. These probes utilize an aryl trifluoromethanesulfonate moiety that undergoes (O₂^--mediated cleavage to release free phenol and fluoresce. They exhibit excellent specificity and sensitivity over a variety of pH ranges and are resistant to strong oxidants and reductants commonly found in the cellular environment.Optimized for cellular retention, HKSOX-1r has been effectively used in a variety of assays including confocal imaging, flow cytometry, and zebrafish embryo studies, underscoring its utility in studying the role of (O₂^-) in inflammation, mitochondrial stress, and other physiological processes.