Guaiazulene

Guaiazulene (CAS No.: 489-84-9) is a bicyclic sesquiterpene classified as a guaiane compound, primarily found in chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla), and is an important research subject in biomedical studies. Its broad biological activities include anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antibacterial, and antitumor properties. In the field of drug discovery, guaiazulene has shown significant antioxidant potential due to its inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes and its ability to scavenge hydroxyl and DPPH free radicals. This compound can modulate immune responses by inhibiting nitric oxide production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, with effective concentrations in the low micromolar range, but it exhibits cytotoxicity toward these cells at higher concentrations, which is important for evaluating its safety. Guaiazulene demonstrates concentration-dependent cytotoxic activity in vitro against neuronal cell lines, including N2a neuroblastoma cells and primary rat neurons. In addition, by antagonizing acetaminophen-induced glutathione depletion, this compound affects hepatic pathways in animal models, demonstrating its potential role in hepatoprotection. As a compound widely used in various in vitro and in vivo models, guaiazulene is a versatile research candidate for exploring mechanisms and novel therapeutic approaches, with experimental concentrations or doses typically depending on the research purpose and design, making it suitable for applications in drug screening and basic research.