Enoximone

Enoximone (CAS No.: 77671-31-9) is an imidazole derivative and a phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3) inhibitor, mainly used in cardiovascular disease research, particularly for the treatment of heart failure. Its mechanism of action involves inhibiting PDE3 activity, leading to increased intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels, thereby enhancing myocardial contractility and dilating blood vessels. In vitro studies show that Enoximone can effectively inhibit PDE3 activity at concentrations ranging from nanomolar to micromolar levels. In cell and animal models, Enoximone is commonly used to evaluate its effects on myocardial contractility and vasodilation, and the doses or concentrations used in experiments typically depend on the experimental design and research objectives. In addition, Enoximone’s positive inotropic effect is similar to that of dobutamine, but with fewer adverse reactions, such as arrhythmias. However, its oral therapeutic efficacy in patients with chronic heart failure remains unclear and requires further study.