(E,Z)-2-propyl-2-Pentenoic Acid

(E,Z)-2-propyl-2-Pentenoic Acid (CAS No.: 60218-41-9) is a bioactive metabolite of valproic acid, a clinically used antiepileptic and class I histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, and exists as a mixture of geometric isomers with distinct neuropharmacological properties. This compound is classified within short-chain fatty acid derivatives and has been shown to exert independent central nervous system activity, including modulation of learning processes associated with negative reinforcement in murine behavioral paradigms, suggesting involvement in synaptic plasticity and neurotransmitter regulation pathways. Mechanistically, its activity is thought to be linked to epigenetic modulation via HDAC inhibition-related pathways as well as downstream effects on neuronal excitability, as evidenced by its ability to increase seizure threshold in established animal seizure models. Although precise molecular targets beyond HDAC-associated signaling remain incompletely defined, its functional profile supports utility in studying neuropsychiatric and neurological disease mechanisms, including epilepsy and mood disorders. In vitro and in vivo effects are typically observed within concentration ranges consistent with low micromolar to higher exposure levels depending on the experimental system, while dosing in animal studies varies according to model design and endpoints. As such, (E,Z)-2-propyl-2-Pentenoic Acid is widely applicable as a research tool in neuropharmacology, epigenetics, and drug discovery programs aimed at identifying novel modulators of neuronal function and plasticity.