Demethyleneberberine

Demethyleneberberine (CAS 25459-91-0) is a naturally occurring mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant compound, classified within the protoberberine alkaloids, functioning primarily as a modulator of inflammatory signaling pathways in immune cells and exhibiting regulatory activity on T helper (Th) cell differentiation in other immunological tissues. Additionally, it is involved in the attenuation of oxidative stress by interfering with reactive oxygen species (ROS) production within cellular mitochondria.

In experimental settings, Demethyleneberberine demonstrates notable anti-inflammatory effects, evaluated through the reduction of disease severity in murine models of colitis, with measurable outcomes such as decreased cytokine release and improved histopathological scores, tested in colonic tissue and associated immune cell populations. It can also modulate the balance of Th cell subsets, influencing cytokine expression and immune responses at the cellular and molecular levels.

In application contexts, Demethyleneberberine is widely used for the investigation of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), serving as a molecular probe for mitochondrial dysfunction and as a therapeutic candidate in studies exploring antioxidative strategies and inflammation modulation. Furthermore, its roles in regulating immune responses and maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis contribute to its value as a research tool in models of inflammatory and metabolic diseases.