D-(-)-3-Phosphoglyceric Acid (sodium salt)

D-(-)-3-Phosphoglyceric Acid (sodium salt) (CAS No.: 80731-10-8) is a naturally occurring phosphorylated metabolite that serves as a key intermediate in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, as well as in the biosynthetic pathways of serine, glycine, and threonine across diverse biological systems including prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Functionally, it acts as a competitive inhibitor of enolase, thereby modulating glycolytic flux and cellular energy metabolism, and has been shown to influence the activity of phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase, linking central carbon metabolism to serine biosynthesis and downstream regulatory networks. Through these mechanisms, this compound is implicated in the modulation of p53-associated signaling and apoptosis in cellular models, making it a valuable tool for investigating metabolic control of cell fate and stress responses. In vitro studies typically employ this metabolite at low micromolar to millimolar concentrations depending on the experimental context, particularly in enzymatic assays and metabolomic analyses. D-(?)-3-Phosphoglyceric Acid (sodium salt) is widely used in biochemical and cell-based research to dissect metabolic pathway regulation, enzyme kinetics, and metabolic reprogramming phenomena relevant to cancer biology and other metabolic disorders, with experimental dosing and application conditions tailored to specific assay systems and study objectives.