Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)

Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA, CAS No.: 9007-81-2) is an immune adjuvant widely used in biomedical research, primarily to enhance the immunogenicity of antigens. Its main components include mineral oil, an emulsifier, and heat-killed dried cells of mycobacteria (such as Mycobacterium butyricum). CFA enhances the immune response by recruiting macrophages and other immune cells to the injection site and promoting antigen presentation. In experimental studies, CFA is commonly used to induce experimental autoimmune disease models, such as autoimmune myocarditis and arthritis. In addition, CFA is also used to establish chronic pain models, for example, by inducing inflammatory pain through subcutaneous injection of CFA into the rat hind paw. The dose or concentration used in experiments usually depends on the experimental design and research objectives. It should be noted that the use of CFA may cause local inflammatory reactions, and its potential impact should be fully considered when designing experiments.