CA-5f

CA-5f (CAS No.: 1370032-19-1) is a small-molecule late-stage macroautophagy inhibitor widely used in biomedical research to investigate autophagic flux and its role in cancer cell biology. It exerts its activity by disrupting autophagosome–lysosome fusion, leading to the accumulation of autophagy markers such as LC3B-II and SQSTM1/p62, and promoting intracellular reactive oxygen species generation, particularly from mitochondrial sources. This dual effect on autophagy blockade and oxidative stress contributes to pronounced cytotoxic responses in certain tumor-derived cell lines, including non-small cell lung cancer models, while exhibiting comparatively lower toxicity in non-malignant endothelial cells. In addition, CA-5f has been shown to modulate cytoskeletal organization and membrane trafficking-related proteins following short-term exposure in endothelial cell systems. Its activity is typically observed in the low micromolar concentration range in vitro, although effective concentrations may vary depending on cell type and experimental conditions. In preclinical research settings, CA-5f has demonstrated the capacity to suppress tumor xenograft growth, supporting its utility as a tool compound for studying autophagy-dependent mechanisms and oxidative stress responses. This compound is commonly applied in cell-based assays and animal models to elucidate autophagy-related signaling pathways and to support drug discovery efforts targeting autophagic processes.