13(S)-HpOTrE

13(S)-HpOTrE (CAS No.: 67597-26-6) is a linolenic acid–derived hydroperoxide belonging to the class of oxidized polyunsaturated fatty acids, generated in plants through lipoxygenase-mediated oxidation of α-linolenic acid and functioning as a key intermediate in oxylipin metabolism. This bioactive lipid exhibits dose-dependent antibacterial activity in vitro against several plant-pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria, including Pectobacterium carotovorum, Pseudomonas syringae, and Xanthomonas translucens, with reported effects generally observed in the micromolar range. Mechanistic studies indicate that 13(S)-HpOTrE interacts with lipid components of bacterial inner membranes, suggesting a membrane-targeting mode of action that disrupts membrane integrity and function, thereby making it a useful molecular probe for investigating lipid membrane-associated antimicrobial mechanisms. In plant systems, it serves as a signaling intermediate that can be further metabolized via hydroperoxide lyase or dehydratase pathways to generate defense-related metabolites such as aldehydes, oxoacids, and jasmonic acid, and has been shown to induce proteinase inhibitor expression as part of wound and pathogen response signaling. Due to its dual roles in antimicrobial activity and lipid-mediated signaling, 13(S)-HpOTrE is widely applied in studies of plant immunity, host–pathogen interactions, and membrane biophysics, as well as in screening platforms aimed at identifying lipid-based antibacterial agents, with experimental concentrations varying depending on specific cellular or biochemical assay conditions.