1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate (sodium salt)

1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate (sodium salt) (CAS No.: 169051-60-9) is a synthetic phosphatidic acid species and endogenous lipid metabolite analog widely utilized in membrane biology, lipid signaling, and drug delivery research. Structurally characterized by saturated long-chain acyl groups at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions, this compound serves as a key model phospholipid for investigating membrane dynamics, curvature, and bilayer organization, and is commonly employed in the preparation of micelles, liposomes, and artificial membrane systems. As a member of the phosphatidic acid class, it participates in lipid-mediated signaling processes, functioning as a bioactive intermediate in pathways regulated by enzymes such as phospholipase D and lipid kinases, and contributing to the modulation of intracellular pH sensing, membrane biogenesis, and vesicular trafficking. Phosphatidic acid species are also implicated in the regulation of cell growth, inflammation, and metabolic adaptation through interactions with downstream signaling proteins, although specific molecular targets for this compound are generally studied in the context of broader lipid signaling networks rather than as a selective ligand. In vitro, phosphatidic acids typically exert biological effects in the low micromolar to micromolar concentration range depending on the assay system and membrane context. This compound is extensively applied in cell-based assays and reconstituted systems to study lipid–protein interactions, membrane fusion, and signal transduction, as well as in the development of lipid nanoparticle formulations and drug delivery platforms, with experimental concentrations tailored to specific model systems and research objectives.