Recombinant Mouse IL-19 (His, Flag)

Interleukin 19 (IL-19) is a member of the IL-10 family of cytokines [1]. The IL-10 family is a class II alpha -helical collection of cytokines that contains two groups, a viral homolog and a cellular homolog group. Within the cellular homolog group, there are two additional groupings, one which uses IL-10 R2 as a signal transducing receptor (IL-10, IL-22 and IL-26), and one which uses IL-20 R2 as a signal transducing receptor (IL-19, IL-20 and IL-24) [2 - 4]. Mouse IL-19 is synthesized as a 176 amino acid (aa) precursor that contains a 24 aa signal sequence and a 152 aa mature region [5]. Based on human studies, it is expected to be secreted as a glycosylated monomer, 35 - 45 kDa in size [2, 6, 7]. IL-19 is unusual in that it contains seven amphipathic helices [2, 4, 8]. Mature mouse IL-19 shares 69% aa sequence identity with the mature human IL-19, and 85% and 68% aa identity to unpublished Genbank sequences for rat and canine IL-19, respectively. Although mouse IL-19 is active on human cells, human IL-19 is not active on mouse cells [5]. IL-19 expression is limited to activated keratinocytes and monocytes, with a possible contribution from B cells [6, 9, 10]. IL-19 binds a receptor complex consisting of the IL-20 receptor alpha (also known as IL-20 R1) and the IL-20 receptor beta (IL-20 R2) [3, 4, 11, 12]. This receptor complex is also shared by IL-20 and IL-24. Notably, IL-19 is reported to actually bind to IL-20 R2, which is generally considered to be only the signal transducing receptor subunit [7, 13]. Functionally, it has been reported that IL-19 both will and will not induce IL-6 and TNF production by monocytes [5, 14]. It does, however, seem to drive T-helper cell differentiation towards a Th2 response, inducing both IL-10 and production of itself [5, 14].
Reference
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