Malvidin

Malvidin (CAS 10463-84-0) exerts pleiotropic biological effects by targeting multiple key molecular pathways and molecules, with core targets covering inflammatory regulatory cascades (nuclear factor-κB [NF-κB], Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 [JAK2/STAT3], mitogen-activated protein kinase [MAPK]), oxidative stress-responsive pathways (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 [Nrf2/Keap1], adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-α/uncoupling protein 2 [AMPK-α/UCP2], NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 [NLRP3] inflammasome), and disease-relevant molecules (cyclooxygenase-2 [COX-2], inducible nitric oxide synthase [iNOS], phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B [PI3K/AKT], matrix metalloproteinases [MMPs]). Its bioactivities exhibit distinct concentration dependence, with no uniform half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) due to target diversity, but key efficacy data are well-characterized across in vitro and in vivo models.

Malvidin demonstrates synergistic multi-target activities within the range of 50–200 μM in vitro and 5–20 mg/kg in vivo, supporting its potential as a natural intervention agent for oxidative stress-related diseases, inflammation, cancer, and metabolic disorders.

References:

[1] Merecz-Sadowska A, Sitarek P, Kowalczyk T, Zajdel K, Jęcek M, Nowak P, Zajdel R. Food Anthocyanins: Malvidin and Its Glycosides as Promising Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Agents with Potential Health Benefits. Nutrients. 2023 Jul 1;15(13):3016. doi: 10.3390/nu15133016. PMID: 37447342; PMCID: PMC10346481.

[2] Mao X, Liu X, Wei C, Tang H, Yin F, Zhang Z, Yu K, Liu H, Wang C, Le A. Malvidin Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury by Modulating JAK2/STAT3 Signaling to Inhibit Macrophage M1 Polarization and Oxidative Stress. J Agric Food Chem. 2025 Jun 4;73(22):13488-13501. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5c00077. Epub 2025 May 21. PMID: 40397040.