Neuroscience
Neurons are the foundations of the sophisticated neural networks. Neurotransmitters such as dopamine, glutamate, and GABA, are crucial signaling molecules for the delivery of neuronal signals. Neurons synthesize/import neurotransmitters, and store them in presynaptic vesicles. A neuronal impulse is propagated by the vesicles released from presynaptic neurons.
Neurotransmitter receptors function via various G-protein coupled and G-protein independent mechanisms that activate downstream intracellular signaling pathways such as cAMP/PKA, PI3K/AKT, phospholipase A2, and phospholipase C pathways. For instance, dopamine receptors act through adenylate cyclase to activate PKA and other signaling molecules, thereby mediate gene expression through the actions of CREB and other transcription factors. Other neurotransmitters such as NMDAR or AMPAR are associated with ion channels that control flux of Ca2+ and Na+, thus propagating the action potential across the post-synaptic neuron.
Dysfunctions in GABAergic/glutamatergic/serotonergic/dopaminergic pathways result in a broad range of neurological disorders such as chronic pain, neurodegenerative diseases, and insomnia, as well as mental disorders including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, and addiction.
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C8852 Revaprazan HydrochlorideSummary: Revaprazan Hydrochloride is a potassium-competitive acid blocker targeting gastric H?/K?-ATPase, utilized as a pharmacological tool in gastrointestinal physiology and acid-secretion research. - C8848 IminostilbeneSummary: Iminostilbene is a tricyclic dibenzazepine scaffold compound used as a synthetic intermediate and reference standard in neuropharmacology and medicinal chemistry research.
- C8847 Propiverine hydrochlorideSummary: Propiverine hydrochloride is an antimuscarinic smooth-muscle relaxant targeting muscarinic acetylcholine receptor signaling, widely utilized in pharmacology and urinary bladder function research.
- C8846 Eperisone hydrochlorideSummary: Eperisone hydrochloride is a centrally acting antispasmodic compound modulating spinal polysynaptic reflex pathways, widely utilized in neuropharmacology and neuromuscular signaling research.
- C8836 Docusate SodiumSummary: Docusate Sodium is an anionic surfactant that perturbs membrane permeability and is widely utilized as a formulation excipient in pharmaceutical and biochemical research.
- C8835 2-EthoxybenzamideSummary: 2-Ethoxybenzamide is an aromatic benzamide derivative used as a synthetic intermediate and reference standard in medicinal chemistry and analytical method development research.
- C8834 CamylofinSummary: Camylofin chlorhydrate is an antispasmodic isoquinoline derivative with anticholinergic and phosphodiesterase-inhibitory activity, utilized in smooth-muscle pharmacology and gastrointestinal motility research.
- C8832 Procyclidine HClSummary: Procyclidine HCl is a synthetic anticholinergic muscarinic receptor antagonist used as a pharmacological probe in cholinergic signaling and neuropharmacology research.
- C8831 Metaraminol BitartrateSummary: Metaraminol bitartrate is a synthetic adrenergic agonist targeting α1-adrenergic receptor signaling, widely utilized in cardiovascular pharmacology and autonomic nervous system research.
- C8830 Metaproterenol hemisulfateSummary: Metaproterenol sulfate is a selective β-adrenergic receptor agonist that activates cAMP signaling and is utilized in adrenergic pharmacology and respiratory physiology research.