Neuroscience
Neurons are the foundations of the sophisticated neural networks. Neurotransmitters such as dopamine, glutamate, and GABA, are crucial signaling molecules for the delivery of neuronal signals. Neurons synthesize/import neurotransmitters, and store them in presynaptic vesicles. A neuronal impulse is propagated by the vesicles released from presynaptic neurons.
Neurotransmitter receptors function via various G-protein coupled and G-protein independent mechanisms that activate downstream intracellular signaling pathways such as cAMP/PKA, PI3K/AKT, phospholipase A2, and phospholipase C pathways. For instance, dopamine receptors act through adenylate cyclase to activate PKA and other signaling molecules, thereby mediate gene expression through the actions of CREB and other transcription factors. Other neurotransmitters such as NMDAR or AMPAR are associated with ion channels that control flux of Ca2+ and Na+, thus propagating the action potential across the post-synaptic neuron.
Dysfunctions in GABAergic/glutamatergic/serotonergic/dopaminergic pathways result in a broad range of neurological disorders such as chronic pain, neurodegenerative diseases, and insomnia, as well as mental disorders including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, and addiction.
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C8886 Minaprine dihydrochlorideSummary: Minaprine dihydrochloride is a psychotropic aminoaminopyridazine derivative that modulates monoaminergic neurotransmission and is utilized in neuropharmacology and central nervous system mechanism studies. - C8882 PamabromSummary: Pamabrom is a xanthine-derived mild diuretic compound that modulates renal tubular ion transport and is utilized in renal physiology and pharmacology research.
- C8881 Landiolol hydrochlorideSummary: Landiolol hydrochloride is an ultra-short-acting, selective β1-adrenergic receptor antagonist used to investigate sympathetic signaling and cardiac electrophysiology in cardiovascular research.
- C8879 Molindone hydrochlorideSummary: Molindone hydrochloride is a diphenylbutylpiperidine-class dopaminergic receptor antagonist used as a pharmacological probe in neuropharmacology and central nervous system signaling research.
- C8878 Clidinium BromideSummary: Clidinium bromide is a quaternary ammonium antimuscarinic antagonist targeting muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, utilized in cholinergic signaling and gastrointestinal pharmacology research.
- C8877 Cloperastine hydrochlorideSummary: Cloperastine hydrochloride is a centrally acting antitussive small molecule used as a pharmacological probe in respiratory neuropharmacology and cough reflex pathway research.
- C8875 Promazine hydrochlorideSummary: Promazine hydrochloride is a phenothiazine derivative that modulates dopamine receptor signaling and is widely utilized in neuropharmacology and neurotransmission mechanism studies.
- C8861 Dapiprazole HydrochlorideSummary: Dapiprazole Hydrochloride is a selective alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonist used to investigate adrenergic signaling pathways in neuropharmacology and receptor-function research.
- C8860 UfenamateSummary: Ufenamate is a fenamate-class nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory compound that modulates cyclooxygenase-mediated prostaglandin biosynthesis and is utilized in inflammation and lipid-signaling research.
- C8858 Arformoterol TartrateSummary: Arformoterol tartrate is a selective long-acting β2-adrenergic receptor agonist targeting β2-AR signaling, widely utilized in respiratory pharmacology and receptor mechanism research.