Puromycin aminonucleoside
Puromycin aminonucleoside (CAS 58-60-6) is an aminonucleoside antibiotic derivative, the aminonucleoside moiety of puromycin (3'-amino-3'-deoxy-N6,N6-dimethyladenosine), and is commonly used to establish nephrotic syndrome (glomerular injury) animal models. Puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN)-induced nephropathy in rats provides a model for studying the pathogenesis of severe proteinuria.
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses show that after incubation of PAN with rat kidney slices, the number of microvilli on podocyte cell bodies decreases, the number of glomeruli increases, and the loss of podocyte foot processes is significantly delayed[1].
In Wistar rats, repeated PAN injections cause sustained severe proteinuria and FSGHS glomerular lesions. In PVG/c rats, induction of chronic proteinuria requires a higher dose of PAN. In Wistar rats with acute PAN nephropathy induced by a single intravenous PAN injection, the mesangium shows abundant lipid, whereas nephrotic PVG/c rats show only smaller mesangial lipid droplets. Furthermore, compared with the non-proteinuric control group, nephrotic PVG/c rats show no increased mesangial carbon accumulation after colloidal carbon injection[2].
References: [1] Grond J, Müller EW, van Goor H, Weening JJ, Elema JD. Differences in puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis in two rat strains. Kidney Int. 1988 Feb;33(2):524-9.
[2] Bertram JF, Messina A, Ryan GB. In vitro effects of puromycin aminonucleoside on the ultrastructure of rat glomerular podocytes. Cell Tissue Res. 1990 May;260(3):555-63.
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| Storage | Store at -20°C |
| M.Wt | 294.31 |
| Cas No. | 58-60-6 |
| Formula | C12H18N6O3 |
| Synonyms | 3'-Amino-3'-deoxy-N6,N6-dimethyladenosine |
| Solubility | ≥14.45 mg/mL in DMSO; ≥29.4 mg/mL in EtOH with gentle warming; ≥29.5 mg/mL in H2O with gentle warming |
| Chemical Name | (2R,3R,4S,5S)-4-amino-2-(6-(dimethylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol |
| Canonical SMILES | O[C@H]1[C@H](N2C=3C(N=C2)=C(N(C)C)N=CN3)O[C@H](CO)[C@H]1N |
| Shipping Condition | Small Molecules with Blue Ice, Modified Nucleotides with Dry Ice. |
| General tips | We do not recommend long-term storage for the solution, please use it up soon. |
| Cell experiment [1]: | |
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Cell lines |
Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells |
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Preparation method |
The solubility of this compound in DMSO is >14.5mg/mL. General tips for obtaining a higher concentration: Please warm the tube at 37 ℃ for 10 minutes and/or shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while. Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months. |
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Reacting condition |
48 h |
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Applications |
In vector- and PMAT-transfected MDCK cells, Puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) exhibited cell cytotoxicity with the IC50 values of 48.9 ± 2.8 and 122.1 ± 14.5 μM, respectively. PAN (250 μM) was toxic to both PMAT-expressing and vector-transfected cells. Puromycin aminonucleoside uptake in PMAT-expressing cells was four fold higher at pH 6.6 than that at pH 7.4. |
| Animal experiment [2,3]: | |
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Animal models |
Nephrosis rats |
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Dosage form |
Intravenous injection, 60 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg |
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Application |
In nephrosis rats, the number of podocytes per glomerulus was 90.7 on Day 4 in PAN (8 mg/100 g, i.v.) treated group. The amount of nephrin per glomerulus in PAN-treated nephrosis rats reduced to 0.46 ± 0.06 fmol and 0.35±0.04 fmol on Day 4 and Day 7. The nephrin amount per podocyte was significantly decreased association with the development of proteinuria in Puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis rats. Rats given PAN (100 mg/kg, s.c.) gained less weight and their serum creatinine levels were higher than the control rats, indicating Puromycin aminonucleoside impaired renal function. |
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Other notes |
Please test the solubility of all compounds indoor, and the actual solubility may slightly differ with the theoretical value. This is caused by an experimental system error and it is normal. |
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References: [1]. Xia L, Zhou M, Kalhorn T F, et al. Podocyte-specific expression of organic cation transporter PMAT: implication in puromycin aminonucleoside nephrotoxicity. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology, 2009, 296(6): F1307-F1313. [2]. Kawakami, Hirotaka, et al. Dynamics of absolute amount of nephrin in a single podocyte in puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis rats calculated by quantitative glomerular proteomics approach with selected reaction monitoring mode. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 27.4 (2011): 1324-1330. [3]. Nosaka, Kazuo, et al. An adenosine deaminase inhibitor prevents puromycin aminonucleoside nephrotoxicity. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 22.4 (1997): 597-605. |
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Quality Control & MSDS
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