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In vitro transcription of capped mRNA with modified nucleotides and Poly(A) tail
TSA (Tyramide Signal Amplification), used for signal amplification of ISH, IHC and IC etc.
Separation of phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated proteins without phospho-specific antibody
A convenient and sensitive way for cell proliferation assay and cytotoxicity assay
Protect the integrity of proteins from multiple proteases and phosphatases for different applications.
Pemetrexed (also known as pemetrexed disodium) is a novel antifolate antimetabolite targeting multiple enzymes involved in both pyrimidine and purine synthesis. Pemetrexed is an analog of the classic antifolate GARFYT inhibitor lometroxol with a similar chemical structure, where the pyrazine ring in the pterine portion of folic acid and the benzylic nitrogen in the bridge portion of folic acid are replaced by a pyrrole ring and a methylene group respectively. Pemetrexed potently inhibits TS, DHFR, and GARFT as well as AICARFT but with a lesser potency and exhibits autitumor activity in a broad range of tumors, including non-small cell lung carcinoma, malignant mesothelioma, and carcinomas of the breast, colorectum, uterine cervix, head and neck, and bladder.
Reference
Luis Paz-Ares, Susana Bezares, Jose M. Tabernero, Daniel Castellanos, and Hernan Cortes-Funes. Review of a promising new agent-pemetrexed disodium. Cancer 2003; 97(8 Suppl):2056-2063
Cell lines
Human tumor cell lines, including CCRF-CEM leukemia, GC3/C1 colon carcinoma, and HCT-8 ileocecal carcinoma
Reaction Conditions
0.0001 ~ 30 μM pemetrexed for 72 h incubation
Applications
Pemetrexed exerted antiproliferative activity in all three cell lines. Thymidine (5 μM) only increased the IC50 of pemetrexed versus CCRF-CEM cells by 5.5-fold, GC3/C1 by 18.7-fold, and HCT-8 by 15-fold. Higher drug concentrations of pemetrexed required the combination of thymidine and hypoxanthine to protect these cells.
Animal models
An intrathoracic murine model of malignant mesothelioma
Dosage form
100 mg/kg
Administered intraperitoneally from days 4 ~ 8
The combination of pemetrexed and regulatory T cell (Treg) blockade showed synergistic antitumor effects in murine malignant mesothelioma, resulting in prolonged survival. This combination was associated with decreased tumor-infiltrating Tregs, increased IL-2 production, dendritic cell maturation, and increased CD3+CD8+IFN-γ+ tumor-infiltrating T cells when compared with mice treated with pemetrexed alone or Treg blockade alone.
Note
The technical data provided above is for reference only.
References:
1. Shih C, Chen VJ, Gossett LS, et al. LY231514, a pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-based antifolate that inhibits multiple folate-requiring enzymes. Cancer Research, 1997, 57(6): 1116-1123.
2. Anraku M, Tagawa T, Wu L, et al. Synergistic antitumor effects of regulatory T cell blockade combined with pemetrexed in murine malignant mesothelioma. Journal of Immunology, 2010, 185(2):956-966.