Proguanil

Proguanil (CAS No.: 500-92-5) is an antimalarial drug used for the prevention and treatment of malaria, and is often used in combination with atovaquone. Its active metabolite, cycloguanil, inhibits Plasmodium dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), blocking the synthesis of purines and pyrimidines, thereby inhibiting the growth and replication of Plasmodium. In vitro studies show that Proguanil itself has relatively weak inhibitory activity against Plasmodium, with IC50 values in the micromolar range, whereas its metabolite cycloguanil has IC50 values at nanomolar to low micromolar levels. Proguanil is widely used in cell and animal models to evaluate its antimalarial activity, and the doses or concentrations used in experiments typically depend on the experimental design and research objectives.