Geranylgeranyl Alcohol

Geranylgeranyl Alcohol (CAS No.: 24034-73-9) is a naturally occurring linear diterpenoid alcohol derived from the isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway and serves as a key intermediate in the mevalonate pathway with broad relevance in cell biology and drug discovery research. It can be enzymatically converted to geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, a critical donor substrate for protein geranylgeranylation, a post-translational prenylation process that regulates the membrane localization and functional activity of small GTPases such as members of the Ras and Rho families, thereby modulating diverse intracellular signaling cascades. Through its role in prenylation-dependent signaling, this compound is closely associated with pathways governing cell proliferation, differentiation, and cytoskeletal organization, and has also been implicated in the regulation of NF-κB-mediated inflammatory responses, including attenuation of lipopolysaccharide-induced microglial activation in preclinical models. As an intermediate linking multiple biosynthetic routes, including those leading to carotenoids, plant hormones, and other isoprenoids, Geranylgeranyl Alcohol is widely utilized in studies of metabolic flux and pathway engineering. In vitro and cellular studies typically employ concentrations in the low micromolar to sub-millimolar range depending on the experimental context, while in vivo dosing regimens vary according to study design. Its applications span investigations of protein prenylation, cancer biology, neuroinflammation, and metabolic regulation, making it a valuable tool for probing isoprenoid-dependent signaling mechanisms and for screening modulators of prenylation-related therapeutic targets.