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In vitro transcription of capped mRNA with modified nucleotides and Poly(A) tail
TSA (Tyramide Signal Amplification), used for signal amplification of ISH, IHC and IC etc.
Separation of phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated proteins without phospho-specific antibody
A convenient and sensitive way for cell proliferation assay and cytotoxicity assay
Protect the integrity of proteins from multiple proteases and phosphatases for different applications.
Ganciclovir (DHPG) is a potent antiviral drug used to treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections [1].
Ganciclovir (DHPG) is a nucleoside analogue and has shown the activity against viral thymidine kinase (tk) in the Herpesviridae family, including human cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus types I and II as well as Epstein-Barr virus. In addition, Ganciclovir has been reported to inhibit the proliferation of uninfected cells, most significantly of bone marrow cells, because of the function of inhibiting viral replication. Apart from these, Ganciclovir has been revealed to reduce the activation of microglial in wild-type C57BL/6 mice and inhibit proliferation of microglial in wild-type FvB mice [1].
References:[1] Ding Z1, Mathur V, Ho PP, James ML, Lucin KM, Hoehne A, Alabsi H, Gambhir SS, Steinman L, Luo J, Wyss-Coray T. Antiviral drug ganciclovir is a potent inhibitor of microglial proliferation and neuroinflammation. J Exp Med. 2014 Feb 10; 211(2):189-98.
Cell lines
BV-2 mouse microglial cells
Preparation method
The solubility of this compound in DMSO is > 10 mM. General tips for obtaining a higher concentration: Please warm the tube at 37 °C for 10 minutes and/or shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while. Stock solution can be stored below - 20 °C for several months.
Reacting condition
0 ~ 1250 μM; 24 hrs
Applications
In BV-2 mouse microglial cells, Ganciclovir inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner in the absence of HSVtk, without causing significant cell death at the indicated concentrations. It was implied that Ganciclovir targeted activated microglia at least in part via a mechanism independent of endogenous thymidine kinase (tk).
Animal models
C57BL/6 mice
Dosage form
25 or 100 mg/kg; i.p.
In C57BL/6 mice, Ganciclovir inhibited the proliferation of microglia induced by experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Ganciclovir attenuated neuroinflammation in a dose-depedent manner without significantly restraining the peripheral immune response. In addition, it was found that Ganciclovir accumulated in the brains of EAE mice but not those of naive mice to exert localized effects.
Other notes
Please test the solubility of all compounds indoor, and the actual solubility may slightly differ with the theoretical value. This is caused by an experimental system error and it is normal.
References:
[1]. Ding Z, Mathur V, Ho PP, James ML, Lucin KM, Hoehne A, Alabsi H, Gambhir SS, Steinman L, Luo J, Wyss-Coray T. Antiviral drug ganciclovir is a potent inhibitor of microglial proliferation and neuroinflammation. J Exp Med. 2014 Feb 10; 211(2):189-98.