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In vitro transcription of capped mRNA with modified nucleotides and Poly(A) tail
TSA (Tyramide Signal Amplification), used for signal amplification of ISH, IHC and IC etc.
Separation of phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated proteins without phospho-specific antibody
A convenient and sensitive way for cell proliferation assay and cytotoxicity assay
Protect the integrity of proteins from multiple proteases and phosphatases for different applications.
Clofarabine is a DNA synthesis inhibitor and a substrate of Deoxycytidine kinase (dCK).DCK is a key cytosolic enzyme in the DNA-synthesis salvage pathway and is responsible for the phosphorylation of clofarabine.Clofarabine is phosphorylated to form clofarabine triphosphate, which competes with dATP for DNA polymerase-α and -ε. At the same time, clofarabine-monophosphate is incorporated into internal and terminal DNA sites, which impaired DNA elongation and repair. Clofarabine triphosphate inhibits ribonucleotide reductase with IC50 value of 65 nM, which then reduced dCTP and dATP. Clofarabine is efficiently transported into cells through nucleoside transporters hENT1, hENT2, and hCNT2. Clofarabine results in release of cytochrome c, apoptosis protease-activating factor 1 (APAF1), apoptotic-inducing factor (AIF) and caspase 9 into the cytosol. In both rapidly growing and quiescent tumours, clofarabine has anticancer activity because of its inhibition of DNA synthesis and induction of apoptosis. Implanted human tumour xenografts in athymic nude or severe combined immune deficiency mice, Clofarabine administered intraperitoneally had significant antitumor activity.References:[1]. Bonate PL, Arthaud L, Cantrell WR Jr, et al. Discovery and development of clofarabine: a nucleoside analogue for treating cancer. Nat Rev Drug Discov, 2006, 5(10): 855-863.