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In vitro transcription of capped mRNA with modified nucleotides and Poly(A) tail
TSA (Tyramide Signal Amplification), used for signal amplification of ISH, IHC and IC etc.
Separation of phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated proteins without phospho-specific antibody
A convenient and sensitive way for cell proliferation assay and cytotoxicity assay
Protect the integrity of proteins from multiple proteases and phosphatases for different applications.
Tulathromycin A is a macrolide antibiotic [1].Antibiotics are a type of antimicrobial used in the treatment and prevention of bacterial infection.Two highly pathogenic strains of M. bovis were incubated into 145 calves. Four days later, calves with clinical BRD were treated subcutaneously with tulathromycin or saline (2.5 mg/kg). BRD-related withdrawals, peak rectal temperatures, and lung lesion scores were significantly lower for tulathromycin-treated calves [2]. In the treatment of cattle at high risk of developing bovine respiratory disease, the cure rate treated with tulathromycin (78%) and tilmicosin (65%) was significantly higher than that treated with saline (23.8%). The cure rate treated with tulathromycin (78.4%) was also significantly higher than tilmicosin (64.9%) [3].The lowest tulathromycin concentrations inhibiting the 90% growth of isolates (MIC90) were 2 μg/ml for Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica, 1 μg/ml for Pasteurella multocida (bovine), and 2 μg/ml for Pasteurella multocida (porcine) and ranged from 0.5-4 μg/ml for Histophilus somni and from 4-16 μg/ml for Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae [1]. Tulathromycin has been approved for use in the treatment and prevention of swine and bovine respiratory disease [1].References:[1]. Godinho KS, et al. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of tulathromycin against respiratory bacterial pathogens isolated from clinical cases in European cattle and swine and variability arising from changes in in vitro methodology.Vet Ther, 2005, 6(2): 113-121.[2]. Godinho KS, et al. Efficacy of tulathromycin in the treatment of bovine respiratory disease associated with induced Mycoplasma bovis infections in young dairy calves.Vet Ther, 2005, 6(2): 96-112.[3]. Kilgore WR, Spensley MS, Sun F, et al. Therapeutic efficacy of tulathromycin, a novel triamilide antimicrobial, against bovine respiratory disease in feeder calves.Vet Ther, 2005, 6(2): 143-153.
Cell lines
E.coli, Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida
Preparation method
The solubility of this compound in DMSO is ≥24.1 mg/mL. General tips for obtaining a higher concentration: Please warm the tube at 37 ℃ for 10 minutes and/or shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while. Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months.
Reacting condition
0.5μg/ml-16μg/ml
Applications
Tulathromycin A is a macrolide antibiotic that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by acting on the 50S ribosomal subunit (IC50 = 0.26 µM), preventing the formation of new polypeptide chains.
Animal models
Cattle and swine
Dosage form
2.5 mg/kg(i.m.)
Application
In cattle and swine, tulathromycin is characterized by a fast absorption rate for subcutaneous (s.c.) and intramuscular (i.m.) administration and high systemic availability. In contrast, oral tulathromycin with a compound preparation had a lower systemic availability (~ 50%). In plasma, tulathromycin has a long terminal half-life, which ranges from ~ 2 to ~ 5 days except that the mouse terminal half-life is less than 20 hours. The longest terminal half-life in plasma can be seen in foals (~ 140 hours).
Other notes
Please test the solubility of all compounds indoor, and the actual solubility may slightly differ with the theoretical value. This is caused by an experimental system error and it is normal.
References:
[1]. Andersen NM, Poehlsgaard J, Warrass R, Douthwaite S. Inhibition of protein synthesis on the ribosome by tildipirosin compared with other veterinary macrolides. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2012 Nov;56(11):6033-6. doi: 10.1128/AAC.01250-12. Epub 2012 Aug 27. PMID: 22926570; PMCID: PMC3486562.
[2]. Villarino N, Brown SA, Martín-Jiménez T. Understanding the pharmacokinetics of tulathromycin: a pulmonary perspective. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2014 Jun;37(3):211-21. doi: 10.1111/jvp.12080. Epub 2013 Sep 30. PMID: 24117832.